Uranium groundwater

Injection of a reductant such as sodium dithionite creates a reducing zone that may be effective in immobilizing uranium and other redox-active radionuclides. The technique is known as in situ redox manipulation (ISRM). It has been shown to be moderately effective for chromium and is proposed for use at the Hanford site for remediation of a uranium groundwater plume (Fmchter et al., 1996). 

Lindgren, E. 1999. Natural attenuation of uranium groundwater plumes at UMTRA sites A one dimensional analysis of historical data. Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM. 

Milton, G. M. Brown, R. M. 1986. Adsorption of uranium groundwater by common fracture secondary minerals, Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 24, 1321-1328. 

Anderson RT et al. (2003) Stimulating the in site activity of Geobacter species to remove uranium from the groundwater of a uranium-contaminated aquifer. Appl Environ Microbiol 69 5884-5891. 

Ortiz-Bernad I, RT Anderson, HA Vrionis, DR Lovley (2004a) Resistance of solid-phase U(VI) to microbial reduction during in situ bioremediation of uranium-contaminated groundwater. Appl Environ Microbiol 70 7558-7560. 

Cherdyntsev W (1971) Uranium-234. Israel Program for Scientific Translations, Jerusalem Cochran JK, Masque P (2003) Short-lived U/Th-series radionuclides in the ocean tracers for scavenging rates, export fluxes and particle dynamics. Rev Mineral Geochem 52 461-492 Copenhaver SA, Krishnaswami S, Turekian KK, Shaw H (1992) and Th series nuclides in groundwater from the J-13 well at the Nevada test site implications for ion retardation. Geophys Res Lett 19 1383-1386... 

Hodge VF, Johaimesson KH, Stetzenbach KJ (1996) Rhenium, molybdenum, and uranium in groundwater from the southern Great Basin, USA evidence for conservative behavior. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 60 3197-3214... 

Suksi J, Rasilainen K, Casanova J Ruskeeniemi T, Blomqvist R, Smellie JAT (2001) U-series disequilibria in a groundwater flow route as an indicator of uranium migration processes. J Contam Hydrol 47 187-196... 

Yanase N, Payne TE, Sekine K (1995) Groundwater geochemistry in the Koongarra ore deposit, Australia 2. Activity ratios and migration mechanisms of uranium series nuclides. Geochem J 29 31-54... 

Uranium is readily mobilized in the meteoric environment, principally as the highly soluble uranyl ion (U02 ) and its complexes, the most important of which are the stable carbonate complexes that form in typical groundwaters (pH > 5, pC02 = 10 bar) (Gascoyne 1992b Grenthe et al. 1992 see also Langmuir (1997) for review). Uranium is... 

Herczeg A, Simpson J, Anderson R, Trier R, Mathieu G, Deck B (1988) Uranium and Radium mobility in groundwaters and brines within the Delaware basin. Southeastern New Mexico, USA Chem Geol 72 181-196... 

Lenhart JJ, Cabanis SE, McCarthy P, Honeymann BD (2000) Uranium (VI) complexation with citric, humic and fulvic acids. Radiochim Acta 58 5455-5463 Lienert C, Short SA, Von Gunten HR (1994) Uranium infiltration from a river to a shaUow groundwater. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 58 5455-5463... 

Anderson RF (1987) Redox behavior of uranium in an anoxic marine basin. Uranium 3 145-164 Anderson RF, Fleisher MQ, LeHuray AP (1989) Concentration, oxidation state, and particulate flux of uranium in the Black Sea. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 53 2215-2224 Back W, Hanshaw BB, Pyler TE, Plummer LN, Weiede AE (1979) Geochemical significance of groundwater discharge in Caleta Xel Ha, Quintana Roo, Mexico. Water Res 15 1521-1535 Barnes CE, Cochran JK (1990) Uranium removal in oceanic sediments and the oceanic U balance. Earth. Planet. Sci. Lett 97 94-101... 

Cochran JK (1984) The fates of U and Th decay series nuclides in the estuarine environment. In The Estuary as a Filter. Kennedy VS (ed) Academic Press, London, p 179-220 Cochran JK (1992) The oceanic chemistry of the uranium - and thorium - series nuclides. In Uranium-series Disequilibrium Applications to Earth, Marine and Environmental Sciences. Ivanovich M, Harmon RS (eds) Clarendon Press, Oxford, p 334-395 Cochran JK, Masque P (2003) Short-lived U/Th-series radionuclides in the ocean tracers for scavenging rates, export fluxes and particle dynamics. Rev Mineral Geochem 52 461-492 Cochran JK, Carey AE, Sholkovitz ER, Surprenant LD (1986) The geochemistry of uranium and thorium in coastal marine-sediments and sediment pore waters. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 50 663-680 Corbett DR, Chanton J, Burnett W, Dillon K, Rutkowski C. (1999) Patterns of groundwater discharge into Florida Bay. Linrnol Oceanogr 44 1045-1055... 

Lienert C, Short SA, Von Gunten HR (1994) Uranium infiltration from a river to shallow groundwater. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 58 5455-5463... 

Martin JB, Cable JE, Swarzenski PW (2000) Quantification of groundwater discharge and nutrient loading to the Indian River Lagoon. St. Johns River Water Management District Report, Palatka FI Martin J-M, Meybeck M, Pusset M (1978a) Uranium behavior in the Zaire estuary. Netherlands J Sea Res 12 338-344... 

Moore WS (1992) Radionuclides of the uranium and thorium decay series in the estuarine enviromnent. In Uranium-series Disequilibrium Applications to Earth, Marine and Enviromnental Sciences. Ivanovich M, Harmon RS (eds) Clarendon Press, Oxford, p 396-422 Moore WS (1996) Large groundwater inputs to coastal waters revealed by Tla emichments. Nature 380 612-614... 

The D-A model predicts the distribution of uranium and U-series isotopes across a bone section (Figs. 3 and 4). Under constant conditions Uranium is diffusing from the inner and outer surfaces of the bone, giving a u-shaped Uranium concentration profile that gradually flattens with time to a uniform uranium distribution when the bone reaches equilibrium with the uranium in the groundwater. Because the uranium is equilibrating with the outer portions of the bone section first, closed system U-series dates approach the true age of the bone towards the surfaces, but are underestimated towards the centre. Further details of the D-A model are given in the Appendix. 

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