Upper respiratory tract vomiting

HUMAN HEALTH RISKS Inhalation human TCLo 100 ppm/8h Acute Risks irritation of skin, eyes and upper respiratory tract vomiting, nausea, headache dermatitis narcosis Chronic Risks CNS depression death in high exposures. 

Causes severe eye irritation, skin irritation, nausea, headache, and vomiting. Inhalation is irritating to the mucous membranes and upper respiratory tract. May cause sensitization by skin contact. 

The most frequently reported side effects are dizziness, nausea, headache, diarrhea, vomiting, upper respiratory tract infections, constipation, dyspepsia, ataxia, and nervousness. It generally has fewer side effects than pheny-toin, valproic add, or carbamazepine. Hyponatremia has been reported in up to 25% ofpatients and is more likely in the elderly. About 25% to 30% of patients who have had a rash with carbamazepine will have a cross-reaction with oxcarbazepine. 

SYSTEMIC EFFECTS Occurs primarily through inhalation and ingestion. The T vapor or aerosol is less toxic to the skin or eyes than the liquid form. When inhaled, the upper respiratory tract (nose, throat, tracheae) is inflamed after a few hours latency period, accompanied by sneezing, coughing and bronchitis, loss of appetite, diarrhea, fever, and apathy. Exposure to nearly lethal doses of T can produce injury to bone marrow, lymph nodes, and spleen as indicated by a drop in white blood cell (WBC) count and, therefore, results in increased susceptibility to local and systemic infections. Ingestion of T will produce severe stomach pains, vomiting, and bloody stools after a 15-20 minute latency period. 

CK in liquid or gas form is highly irritating to the eyes and upper respiratory tract. Inside the body, it converts to hydrogen cyanide, which inactivates certain enzyme systems that prevent cells from utilizing oxygen. Impacted skin may appear flushed. Low levels of exposure often cause weakness, headache, disorientation, nausea, and vomiting. Higher levels of exposure will result in loss of consciousness, terminate respiration, and cause death within 15 minutes. An immediate lethal dose often causes violent contractions of blood vessels accompanied by severe shock. This reaction may cause death prior to asphyxiation.1 ... 

Inhalation of appreciable amounts of cresol vapor is unlikely under normal conditions because of the low vapor pressure however, hazardous concentrations may be generated at elevated temperatures. Seven workers exposed to cresol vapor at unspecified concentrations for 1.5-3 years had headaches, which were frequently accompanied by nausea and vomiting. Four of the workers also had elevated blood pressure, signs of impaired kidney function, blood calcium imbalance, and marked tremors. Eight of ten subjects exposed to 1.4 ppm o-cresol vapor experienced upper respiratory tract irritation. ... 

Adults - Adverse reactions experienced by at least 5% of patients receiving sodium ferric gluconate complex include the following abdominal pain, abnormal erythrocytes, asthenia, chest pain, cramps, diarrhea, dizziness, dyspnea, fatigue, fever, generalized edema, headache, hyperkalemia, hypertension, hypotension, injection-site reaction, leg cramps, nausea, pain, paresthesias, pruritus, syncope, tachycardia, upper respiratory tract infection, vomiting. 

Adverse reactions occurring in at least 3% of patients include arthralgia, back pain, bronchitis, cardiovascular events, chest pain, constipation, diarrhea, dyspepsia, headache, hypoglycemia, nausea, paresthesia, rhinitis, sinusitis, upper respiratory tract infection, urinary tract infection, vomiting. 

Metformin ER (1% to 5%) - Abdominal distention, abdominal pain, constipation, diarrhea, dizziness, dyspepsia/heartburn, flatulence, headache, nausea/vomiting, taste disturbance, upper respiratory tract infection. 

Adverse reactions occurring in 3% or more of patients include tremor, acne, constipation, diarrhea, nausea, increased serum creatinine, edema, hypercholesterolemia, hyperkalemia, hypokalemia, hyperlipemia, hypophosphatemia, peripheral edema, weight gain, rash, dyspepsia, vomiting, anemia, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, dyspnea, pharyngitis, upper respiratory tract infection, abdominal pain, asthenia, back/chest pain, fever, headache, pain, arthralgia, urinary tract infection, hypertension. 

Dizziness, asthenia or loss of strength, vomiting, constipation, upper respiratory tract infection, back pain, rash, cough... 

Acute poisoning may result from inhalation of cadmium dusts and fumes (usually cadmium oxide) and from the ingestion of cadmium salts. The major toxic effects are due to local irritation. In the case of oral intake, these include nausea, vomiting, salivation, diarrhoea and abdominal cramp. Cadmium is more toxic when inhaled. Signs and symptoms, which appear after a few hours, include irritation of the upper respiratory tract, chest pains, nausea, dizziness and diarrhoea. Permanent lung damage may occur in the form of emphysema and peribronchial and perivascular fibrosis. Death is usually due to massive pulmonary oedema. 

Toxicity Vapors of amyl alcohol cause mild irritation to mucous membranes of the eyes, nose, throat, upper respiratory tract, and to the skin. Acute and longterm exposure to amyl alcohol causes nausea, vomiting, headache, vertigo, and muscular weakness. Prolonged exposure also may cause narcotic effects. 

---