Upjohn drug company

Finally, financial support and technical collaborations have been provided NU in antibody areas by Pharmacia and Upjohn Pharmaceutical Company, through the Animal Health and Drug Metabolism Division (J. Nappier and G. Fate). Additional antibody analysis collaborations have been possible through SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals (D. Nesta and J. Baldoni). These contracts have allowed us to become involved in affinity and immunoaffinity CE areas. Isco Corporation, Thermo Separation Products (Thermo Quest), and Waters Corporation have all donated major instrumentation, materials, and supplies to our efforts in the areas of affinity CE. Colleagues at Supelco, Phase Separations, Ltd., J W Scientific, and Unimicro Technologies have all donated coated or packed capillaries for studies in CE and CEC. We are very appreciative of all these collaborations and technical/financial assistance in developing CE, CIEF, and, most recently, ACE approaches for proteins and antibodies. 

Gregory E. Atnidon, Ph.D. Senior Scientist, Drug Delivery R D—Pharmaceutics, The Upjohn Company, Kalamazoo, Michigan... 

EXTENSIONS AND COMMENTARY In the 1960 s there was quite a bit of interest in a couple of pharmaceutical houses with the indole analogues of amphetamine. Both the alpha-methylated tryptamine (this compound, a-MT) and the alpha-ethylated homologue (a-ET, see its separate recipe) were found to be effective monoamine oxidase inhibitors, and both were clinically studied as potential antidepressants. The ethyl compound became a commercial drug, offered by the Upjohn Company as Monase, but now is considered to be without medical use and is a Schedule I drug. It is interesting that this methyl compound, a-MT was also a medically available antidepressant in the Soviet Union in the 1960 s and was sold under the name of Indopan, in 5 and 10 milligram tablets. 

W. F. Beyer, The Upjohn Company, Kalamazoo, Michigan R. Bishara, Lilly Research Laboratories, Indianapolis, Indiana N. Blazevic, Institute for the Control of Drugs, Zagreb, Yugoslavia G. S. Brenner, Merck Sharp Dohme Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania... 

Drug Metabolism Research, Upjohn Company, Kalamazoo, MI 49007 Drug Delivery Systems Research, Upjohn Company, Kalamazoo, Ml 49007... 

Fig. 2.12 A candidate drug, disuprazole, synthesized by the Upjohn Company.

A photosensitizer may behave as a catalyst if not consumed or regenerated in the reaction. Ferrous ions are photooxidized to ferric ions in the presence of acid. Therefore, lack of absorption bands in the UV-VIS region of the spectrum neither ensures photostability (24) nor indicates that a product will be photostable. The presence of chlorominoxidil as an impurity in minoxidil has been reported to act as a sensitizer in the photodecomposition of minoxidil (personal communication from the Pharmacia Upjohn Company, Kalamazoo, Michigan). It is essential, therefore, that the purity of the drug substance should be determined to ensure freedom from photosensitizing impurities. 

In practice, however, the outcome was quite unexpected. In 1994, the year the Memorandum was implemented, the SCD received only 55 American dossiers, which is almost 50 percent less that the previous year s total of 103 dossiers. At the same time, the drug development strategy of the largest American pharmaceutical companies (MSD, BMS, Eli Lilly, Upjohn, Pfizer, etc.) in Russia has not changed dramatically. Moreover, it is at that time that these companies turned to larger multicenter projects as well as postmarketing research in Russia. 

The major American core companies were, as industry historian Jonathan Libeneau describes them, large wholesaler/producers who offer a full range of standard preparations, that is, proprietary drugs to pharmacists, dmg-gists, and other retailers. In 1885, Liebenau writes, a buyer could choose between Merck, SmithKline, Parke Davis, Eli Lilly, Sterns, Schieffelen, John Wyeth, Upjohn, Mulford, Sharp Dohme and many others for a complete line of basic medicines in convenient forms. 

By the middle of the twentieth century, the old-line pharmaceutical companies, as they were termed, occupied the center of the American medical drug industry. These firms—Eli Lilly, Abbott, SmithKline French, Squibb, and Upjohn, all descended from the integrated wholesaler/manufacturers of the late-nineteenth century—increasingly producing drugs for doctors and... 

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