United States Army Medical Department

United States Army Medical Department Center and School Fort Sam Houston, Texas... 

The conclusions and opinions expressed in this document are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the official position of the United States Government, the Department of Defense, the United States Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, or the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences. 

United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Medical Management of Biological Casualties Handbook, 3rd ed.. Fort Detrick, July 1998. United States Department of Health and Human Services, CBW Clinical Treatment Protocols — 1996 Olympic Guidelines, Revision 1 July 1996. 

Ireland, M. (1926). Medical aspects of gas warfare. In The Medical Department of the United States Army in the World War, Vol. XIV pp. 1-769 US Government Printing Office, Washington, DC. 

Hennell Stevens, The Medical Purveying Department of the United States Army, Am. J. Pharm. 37 (1865) 93. 

In the United States, the mask project was assigned to the Army Medical Department. The Medical Department sent several medical officers to Europe as observers, but accomplished little else. Since the United States was not at war, no particular emphasis was placed on the project. Ultimately, all major participants in World War I attempted to develop protective masks (Figure 2-5). 

Fig. 3-23. The figure legend that was published with this photograph in the official history of the U.S. Army Medical Department in World War I reads Gross changes in larynx and trachea of a soldier who died four days after inhalation of mustard gas. Purulent secretions in the smaller bronchi rather than at the glottis caused the respiratory failure that lead to the death of this soldier. The efficacy of tracheal suction in clearing the airway appears not to have been widely known during World War I. Reprinted from Weed FM, ed. Medical Aspects of Gas Warfare. Vol 14. In Ireland MW, ed. The Medical Department of the United States Army in the World War. Washington, DC Government Printing Office 1926 Plate 10.

Weed FW, ed. Medical Aspects of Gas Warfare. Vol 14. In Ireland MW, ed. The Medical Department of the United States Army in World War. Washington, DC US Department of the Army, Medical Department, Office of The Surgeon General, US Government Printing Office 1926. 

There are several published volumes which discuss the origin and activities of the Chemical Warfare Service in World Wat I. These include Benedict Crowell, America s Munitions, i ij-i iS (Washington GPO, 1919) Amos A. Fries and Clarence J. West, Chemical Warfare (New York McGraw Hill, 1921) and Medical Aspects of Gas Warfare, Volume XIV of the series MEDICAL DEPARTMENT OF THE UNITED STATES IN THE WORLD WAR (Washington GPO, 1926). Volumes XV and XVI of the series UNITED STATES ARMY IN THE WORLD WAR (Washington GPO, 1948), prepared by the Historical Division, Special Staff United States Army, contain data on the Chemical Warfare Service, American Expeditionary Forces (AEF). More valuable as a source of information is the official history of the Chemical Warfare Service, American Expeditionary Forces, a copy of which is on file in the Chemical Corps Historical Office. Especially useful in this history are the appendixes which ate copies of pertinent directives. On the organizational development of the Chemical Warfare Service in the zone of interior, the most fmitful sources of information are M. T. Bogert s and W. H. Walker s History of the Chemical Service Section, on file at the Technical Library, Army Chemical Center, Maryland, and the annual reports of the CWS for the years 1918, 1919, and 1920. The retired CWS files in the National Archives contain some important documents. 

Once the practicality of chemical warfare had been demonstrated the belligerents organized special units to employ military chemicals, and to conduct chemical and medical research. In the United States the War Department gave responsibility for designing protective equipment to the Medical Department in late 1915, but the Army did not set up combat chemical units or begin scientific investigations until mid-1917. ... 

By LioNEii A. Walpobd and Chables G. Wilbeb, Fish and Wildlife Service, United States Department of the Interior, Washington, D. C. and Chemical Corps Medical Laboratories, Army Chemical Center, Md. 

FIGURE 20.1 Pressure-flow relationships of a U.S. Army M40 field mask. (From Musa, S.R., Banderet, L.E., Cadarette, B. Textbook of Military Medicine Medical Aspects of Harsh Environments, Volume 2, K.B. Pandolf and R.E. Burr, eds. Office of the Surgeon General, Department of the Army, United States of America, Falls Church, VA, 2002.)... 

From the Department of Pediatrics of the Walter Reed Army Medical Center. The views expressed in this chart are those of the author and do not reflect the official policy of the Department of the Army, Department of Defense, or the United States Government. 

McClain, D.J., 1997. Smallpox. In Medical aspects of chemical and biological warfare, textbook of military medicine. Office of The Surgeon General Department of the Army, United States of America, Chapter 27, 17 pp. 

Dunn, MA, BE Hackley, FR Sidell. 1997. Pretreatment for nerve agent exposure. In Sidell FR, Takafuji ET, Franz DR (Eds). Textbook ofMilitary Medicine Part I, Warfare, Weaponry, and the Casualty Medical Aspects of Chemical and Biological Warfare. Washington, DC Office of the Surgeon General, Department of the Army, United States of America. Pp. 181-196. 

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