United Kingdom instruments

The other type of x-ray source is an electron syncluotron, which produces an extremely intense, highly polarized and, in the direction perpendicular to the plane of polarization, highly collimated beam. The energy spectrum is continuous up to a maximum that depends on the energy of the accelerated electrons, so that x-rays for diffraction experiments must either be reflected from a monochromator crystal or used in the Laue mode. Whereas diffraction instruments using vacuum tubes as the source are available in many institutions worldwide, there are syncluotron x-ray facilities only in a few major research institutions. There are syncluotron facilities in the United States, the United Kingdom, France, Genuany and Japan. 

United Kingdom Statutory instruments 1987 No. 1523 (update 1988). The Materials and Articles in Contact with Food Regulations 1987 Greece Greek Law Resolution No. 385/1995 (1996)... 

K. T. V. Grattan and Z. Y. Zhang Department of Physics, Measurement and Instrumentation Centre, School of Electrical Engineering and Applied Physics, City University, London EC1 VOHB, United Kingdom. 

Standard reference material (SRM) for wavelength accuracy, stray light, resolution check, and photometric accuracy can be purchased from NIST. Certified reference materials (CRMs) which are traceable to NIST and recertification services can be purchased from instrument manufacturers and commercial vendors [12]. The cost of neutral-density filters and prefabricated standard solutions in sealed cuvettes can be substantial. When purchasing performance verification standards from a secondary supplier other than a national standard organizations such as NIST in the United States and National Physical Laboratory (NPL) in the United Kingdom, make sure that the traceability of the standards are available in the certificates. The traceability establishes the relationship of individual results to the national standard through an unbroken chain of comparisons. 

Salt of aspartame and acesulfame. A salt of aspartame and acesul-fame is now available. The product is a chemical combination of aspartame and acesulfame in a ratio of 64 36 on a weight basis. This product was given 2 years temporary national approval in the United Kingdom (Statutory Instrument 2003 number 1182). It also has temporary approval in The Netherlands (Staatscourant, 17 July 2002), and it can be used in the United States, Canada, China, Mexico and Russia. In 2004, amendment of the EU Sweetener Regulation saw extension of the approval to all EU markets. In solution, the salt breaks up to form aspartame and acesulfame. The relative sweetness is 350 (HSC, 2003). 

Sucralose is not metabolised by mammalian species and is poorly absorbed by the body. JECFA has assigned an ADI of 15 mg/kg bw. Sucralose was approved in the United States in April 1998 for use in a variety of food applications, including soft drinks. In August 1999, this approval was extended to full-category GMP approval. In the United Kingdom, it was granted a temporary approval on 15 March 2002 (UK Statutory Instrument 379). In 2004, sucralose was added to the EU list of permitted sweeteners. 

Multi-component hydrocarbon standards to provide accurate calibration of instruments (generally gas chromatographs) used to monitor the concentrations of a wide range of volatile organic hydrocarbon compounds (VOCs) in ambient air. These standards currently contain 30 different hydrocarbon species that are important to photochemical ozone formation, with concentrations ranging down to a few parts per billion by molar value. They are disseminated widely in the United Kingdom and the rest of Europe as calibration standards, and as test mixtures for assessment of the quality of international ambient hydrocarbon measurements (often under the auspices of the European Commission - EC). 

M. Holbrook, with additions and revisions by R. G. W. Anderson and D. J. Bryden, Science Preserved A Directory of Scientific Instruments in Collections of the United Kingdom and Eire, HMSO, London, 1992. 

United Kingdom Furniture Regulations, The Furniture and Furnishings (Fire) (Safety) Regulations 1988, Statutory Instrument 1988 No. 1324—Amended 1993 by Statutory Instrument 1993 No. 207. 

Department of Instrumentation and Analytical Science, University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology, Manchester, M60 1QD, United Kingdom... 

The scientists at Leatherhead Eood Research (United Kingdom) developed an instrument to measure viscosity of oil. The principle of its operation is similar to that of a tuning fork. Dampening of the vibration of the tuning fork-like device depends on the viscosity, and resonance depends on the density of the surrounding fluid. Although the instmment was simple to operate, the actual determination of oil quality was difficult for the restaurant operators. 

Instrumented tablet presses with computer interfaces allow the pharmaceutical scientist to study the mechanism of compaction and the relationship of the mechanism to tablet-compaction properties and formulations. In addition, automated systems are useful to develop compression profiles for reference purposes, to control weight of tablets during development and production, and to monitor punch wear. This automation reduces the burden on personnel faced with the requirements of quality control. Merck Sharp and Dohme s major production facility in the United Kingdom is fully computerized to manufacture a high-volume tablet product as well as multiple-tablet products. " ... 

United Kingdom The Flavourings in Food Regulations 1992, 24th August 1992 (Statutory Instruments 1992 no. 1971). 

Regarding in-work benefits as a supportive activation instrument, studies have analysed the effects of tax credits in the United Kingdom and the United States where these types of policies are most important. While strong work incentives could be found for single parents, especially in the US, studies have also pointed... 

In addition, process industry cost indices have been published for Canada, the United Kingdom, France, India, Italy, Japan, Germany, and The Netherlands. Table 16.12 gives values of the CE and MS indices that are general and rehable for North American conditions. All data reported in this chapter have been scaled into the future using CE = 1000 or CE instruments = 1000. 

Weights and Measures (Comptes Rendus, 1927). The scale was developed by the National Bureau of Standards in the United States in cooperation with the Physikalisch-Technische Reichsanstalt of Germany and the United Kingdom s National Physical Laboratory (Preston-Thomas, 1972). The scale was based on the freezing and boiling points of water, at 0 and 100°C, respectively, an interval of 100°C exactly, and on some fixed points outside this range. In the range of —190 to 660°C of that scale, the platinum resistance thermometer was specified as the interpolation instrument. 

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