United Kingdom controls

Guidelines for the Blood Transfusion Services in the United Kingdom, National Institute For Biological Standards and Control, Potters Bar, 1992. 

Japan, as of January 1, 1989, had a total capacity of 28 thousand metric tons of monochlorobenzene and 49 thousand tons of dichlorobenzenes. The Japanese prices have remained fairly constant since 1985. The Japanese consumption of -dichlorobenzene is 81% for moth control, 11% for PPS resins, and 8% for dye-stuffs. There has been very Htde export from Japan of chlorobenzenes and imports have been mainly -dichlorobenzene from the United States, Germany, Prance, and the United Kingdom. 

Hydrofining has been applied to Varsols and various other solvents for the control of odor, sulfur, and corrosion characteristics. For example. Hydrofining of Iranian and Kuwait distillates demonstrated its effectiveness as a means of producing "White Spirit", a high-quality solvent naphtha distributed in the United Kingdom. 

United Kingdom tions recorded on death certificates age <40 years, cases and controls... 

In the United Kingdom, the Health and Safety at Work Act (1974) and regulations made under it require occupiers to provide a safe plant and system of work and adequate instruction, training, and supervision. In the European community, occupiers of major hazard sites are required to produce a safety case, which describes how hazards have been assessed and are kept under control. Many other countries have similar legislation, though standards of enforcement vary. 

In the United Kingdom the use of substances likely to be harmful to employees is covered by regulations issued by the Health and Safety Executive (HSE), under the Health and Safety at Work Act, 1974 (HSAWA). The principal set of regulations in force is the Control of Substances Hazardous to Health regulations, 2002 known under the acronym the COSHH regulations. The COSHH regulations apply to any hazardous substance in use in any place of work. 

In the United Kingdom this is covered by the Control of Major Accident Hazards Regulations 1999 (COMAH), set up by the HSE (Health and Safety Executive) to implement the Seveso II directive of the EC (European Union) see www.hse.gov.uk. The COMAH regulations supersede the previous CIMAH (1984) regulations, set up under Seveso I. 

All individuals and companies have a duty of care to their neighbours, and to the environment in general. In the United Kingdom this is embodied in the Common Law. In addition to this moral duty, stringent controls over the environment are being introduced in the United Kingdom, the European Union, the United States, and in other industrialised countries and developing countries. 

Legislation and control procedures in the United Kingdom are increasingly being derived from regulations promulgated by the European Union (EU). 

Heard MJ, Wells AC, Newton D, et al. 1979. Human uptake and metabolism of tetra ethyl and tetramethyl lead vapour labelled with 203Pb. In International Conference on Management and Control of Heavy Metals in the Environment, London, England, September. Edinburgh, United Kingdom CEP Consultants, Ltd., 103-108. 

Health and Safety Executive (HSE), 1995. Out of control, HSE books, United Kingdom. 

The concept of a safety case comes from the requirements of the European Union/European Community (EU/EC) Seveso Directive (82/501/EC) and, in particular, regulations that the United Kingdom and other member states used to implement that directive. United Kingdom regulations (Control of Industrial Major Accident Hazards [CIMAH], 1984 replaced by Control of Major Accident Hazards Involving Dangerous Substances [COMAH] in 1999) require that major hazardous facilities produce a safety report or safety case.64 The requirement for a safety case is initiated by a list of chemicals and a class of flammables. Like the hazard analysis approach (Section 8.1.2), experts identify the reactive hazards of the process if analysis shows that the proposed process is safe, it may be excluded from additional regulatory requirements. 

The AMFC Directive requires that food control laboratories should be accredited to the EN 45000 series of standards as supplemented by some of the OECD GLP principles. In the UK, government departments have nominated the United Kingdom Accreditation Service (UKAS) to carry out the accreditation of official food control laboratories for all the aspects prescribed in the Directive. However, as the accreditation agency will also be required to comply with the EN 45003 Standard and to carry out assessments in accordance with the EN 45002 Standard, all accreditation agencies that are members of the European Cooperation for Accreditation of Laboratories (EA) may be asked to carry out the accreditation of a food control laboratory within the UK. Similar procedures will be followed in the other Member States, all having or developing equivalent organisations to UKAS. Details of the UK requirements for food control laboratories are described later in this chapter. 

United Kingdom Odour Control—a concise guide (1980). F.H.H.Valentin and A.A.North (eds.), Warren Spring Laboratory, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SGI 2BX. 

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