Unit dose technologies

The MicroDose DPI (MicroDose Technologies, United States) is a breath-activated device that includes a piezoelectric vibrator that converts electrical energy from a battery to mechanical motion that is then transferred into the dry powder. The vibration energy deaggregates and aerosolizes the dose. By controlling the energy input, i.e., the amplitude and frequency of the vibration, the DPI is claimed to be usable for various compounds. As with the devices from Nektar and Dura, the MicroDose DPI uses accurately filled unit-dose blisters. 

Early dry powder inhaler devices were all unit-dose systems and depended on loading and triggering procedures. The Spinhaler and Rotahaler are two early examples of DPI technology. Both utilize premetered doses packed into hard gelatin capsules although different mechanisms of powder delivery are employed ... 

A multiparticulate drug delivery technology for producing CR and taste masked preparations such as liquids, suspensions, effervescent and chewable tablets, reconstitutable powders, and unit dose sachet or sprinkle systems. 

Regardless of the approach that is taken, scale-up involves more than increasing the total number of unit doses produced. It involves the transfer of technology and the transfer of the knowledge that has been accumulated during the small-scale development of the product and processes. It is important to realize that good communication is critical for formulation and process transfer to be successful. It is essential to... 

Nebulizer solutions are typically filled as unit dosages in plastic containers. The latter uses blow-fill-seal technology [33]. Thus drug formulation compatibility with plastics is an important factor. Characterization of any sorption processes of plasticizer, monomer, and extractables or leachables is critical during long-term product-evaluation studies. Such sterile unit-dose formulations, in essence, do not require chemical preservation. 

The discussion of this chapter focuses on the technology behind the development of currently marketed LADDs in either gel or unit dose form. Powder ADDs, which in most areas utilize analogous technology, will not be discussed except for comparison. 

The manufacture of compressed dosage forms (Figure 19.19) for pharmaceutical products has been known for over 200 years and it is this process technology, which has been anployed to make by far the vast majority of detergent products in unit dose form. The fundamental aspects of compaction are common to all compacted materials and the tabletting machines nsed by different industries are also basically similar. The standard steps in nniaxial die compaction are as follows ... 

Fine particle technology has broad applications in medicine for both therapeutics and diagnostics. The most common use of finely dispersed systems occurs in oral products that contain poorly water-soluble active agents. Fine (micro or nano) particles have increased surface area per unit dose relative to coarse active agent particles. As a result, the fine particles have much more favorable dissolution kinetics in-vivo. This can lead to increases in oral bioavailability, reductions in food-effect-associated variability, and more i id absorption and onset of therapeutic action. Topical delivery of active agent particles can also be enhanced when they are formulated as finely dispersed systems. 

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