Breath-activated device

The MicroDose DPI (MicroDose Technologies, United States) is a breath-activated device that includes a piezoelectric vibrator that converts electrical energy from a battery to mechanical motion that is then transferred into the dry powder. The vibration energy deaggregates and aerosolizes the dose. By controlling the energy input, i.e., the amplitude and frequency of the vibration, the DPI is claimed to be usable for various compounds. As with the devices from Nektar and Dura, the MicroDose DPI uses accurately filled unit-dose blisters. 

B. J. Lipworth, and D. J. Clark, Lung delivery of salbutamol given by breath activated pressurized aerosol and dry powder inhaler devices, Pulm. Pharmacol. Ther. 70 211 (1997). 

New DPI designs are numerous, with the novelty often associated with the technique for achieving powder aerosolization. Some of the recent patented devices incorporate an additional energy source to supplement the inspiratory force of the patient, in order to aerosolize the drug particles into the inhaled airstream. However, unless the addition energy source is breath activated (e.g. as in Spiros), such devices will be limited by the coordination difficulties typical of the pMDIs. 

The incorporation of breath activation and/or counting mechanisms into the MDI opens the possibility of including other device features, particularly if the above-mentioned two features are achieved via electronic means. MDIs that feature data gathering technology allow the patient or physician to monitor how and when the medicine is being taken (compliance) or to monitor lung function and control the amount of medicine that the patient is taking are distinct possibilities. 

Device Drugs Breath- Activated Dose Counter Other Excipients Disadvantages... 

Integrated drug and device Single/ Clinically continuous trialed operation Breath- activated Delivers multiple doses before reloading is needed... 

The Easidose (74) is best characterized as a breath coordinated device as opposed to a breath-activated system. At rest no (or minimal) airflow can be achieved through the device. The stan of the valve is Unked to a spring-biased vane, incorporating lost motion. When the patient fires the MDI unit, the vane moves open allowing airflow before the valve fires the dose. So as the patients... 

Hanania NA, Wittman R, Kesten S, Chapman KR. Medical personnel s knowledge of and ability to use inhaling devices metered dose inhalers, spacing chambers, and breath-activated dry powder inhalers. Am Rev Respir Dis 1993 147 SSA983. Kelling JS, Strohl KP, Smith RL, Altose MD. Physician knowledge in use of canister nebulizers. Chest 1983 83 612-614. 

An air-purifying respirator —often incorrectly called a gas mask— is a device that allows its wearer to breathe in an environment that contains low levels of a toxic substance. The inspired air passes through a filter containing an adsorbent such as activated carbon. Give a brief explanation of how the device works. How would using a nonactivated carbon affect the performance of the respirator ... 

To ensure optimal drug delivery, it is necessary to coordinate activation of the inhaler with inspiration and a final hold of breath. Many patients, especially the young and the elderly, find this very difficult and spacer devices are often used between the inhaler and lips these act as an aerosol reservoir and also reduce impaction of aerosol in the oropharynx. Topical deposition can cause local side effects in the mouth, particularly Candida with inhaled glucocorticoids a spacer abolishes this problem. 

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