Unions national officials

Within the European Union, the official pharmacopeia is the European Pharmacopeia Ph. Eur.) from the Council of Europe. In most countries it is used as such, in some other countries it constitutes the basis for the national version of the pharmacopeia. The official texts of the Ph. Eur. are published in English and French. Translations in other languages may be prepared by the signatory states of the European Pharmacopeia Convention. In case of doubt or dispute, the English and French versions are alone authoritative. 

The definitions below are derived from official public sources, including the National Institutes of Health [nih] and the European Union [EU],... 

Finally, we would also like to thank the official bodies for providing us with the necessary financial support to execute our research projects Ghent University (Belgium), Rhodes University (South Africa), Institute for Promotion of Scientific Research and Technology in Flemish Industry (IWT, Belgium), Vlaams Wetenschappelijke Stichting (VWS, Belgium), European Union (Europe) and the National Research Foundation (NRF, South Africa). 

The main organizations that develop or validate methods for fats and oil analysis include International Union for Pure and Applied Chemistry (lUPAC), International Oiganization for Standardization (ISO), Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC), American Oil Chemists Society (AOCS), American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), Association Francaise de Normalization (AFNOR), British Standards Institution (BSI), Deustsches Institute fur Normung (DIN), and the Federation of Oils, Seeds and Fats Association (FOSFA). In addition, there is an increasing trend for the various national standard institutions to develop their own standard methods based on the standard ISO methods these are generally adopted as official methods. 

Pharmaceutical regulation in the United Kingdom (UIQ has, since accession in 1973 to the European Union (EU), followed the requirements of the many directives that have been agreed in this field. Most of the pharmaceutical legislation now introduced in the UK emanates from the EU. Nevertheless, some specifically national laws still apply, and many national practices and procedures which have evolved over the yeeu s are specific to the UK. This chapter is intended to provide an overview of those key national requirements which are of particular relevcince to the pharmaceutical industry. The author has had personal experience of many of the practices, procedures, and regulations discussed nevertheless the reader is advised to consult the official texts and if necessary seek specific advice in the interpretation of current requirements. 

Definitions have taken wherever possible from the recommendations of international or national bodies, especially the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (lUPAC) and International Organization for Standardization (ISO). For physical quantities and units, the recommended symbol is also given. The source of such definitions is indicated by the reference number in brackets following the definition. In many cases these official definitions have been edited in the interest of stylistic consistency and economy of space. The user is referred to the original source for further details. 

In addition to his contributions in the field of chemical documentation, Professor Wolfrom also served on numerous committees and held a number of offices in professional societies. From 1940 until 1945, he was an Official Investigator of the National Defense Research Committee. A member of the American Chemical Society, he served as Chairman of the Columbus Section and also of the Cellulose Division in 1940, and of the Division of Sugar Chemistry in 1948. In 1958, he was chairman of Symposium I of ffie International Union of... 

In conclusion, although a large number of valuable chemical methods for the analysis of YTXs have been developed, none has yet been validated. National and international orgaifizations such as the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, the Association of Official Analytical Chemists International, the European Committee for Standardization, have undertaken collaborative studies to provide standard and official methods based on some of the above screening and/or investigation procedures in the near future. 

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