Undertone

In 1969, a-methylcyclopentadecanoHde [4459-57-8] was isolated from galbanum (49). In 1978, three additional a-methyl macroHdes, a-methylcyclododecanoHde [71736-24-8] a-methylcyclotridecanoHde [27198-63-6] and a-methylcyclotetradecanoHne [32539-85-8] were characterized as galbanum constituents (50). These four undoubtedly contribute to the musky undertone of galbanum. 

Bay Oil. Steam distillation of the leaves of the tree Pimenta racemosa (Mill) which is indigenous to certain islands of the West Indies, particularly Dominica and Puerto Rico, is called bay or bay leaf oil. The same source was used in the past to produce Bay Rum in which mm was distilled over the leaves. Bay oil [8006-78-8] is a yellowish to dark brown mobile Hquid with a fresh-spicy, sometimes medicinal odor with a lasting sweet-balsamic undertone. The oil finds extensive use in hair tonics, after-shave lotions as well as other men s-type fragrances. There is Htde or no use by the flavor industry. The range of components for a number of bay leaf oils is shown in Table 25 (66). 

Pimento Berry Oil. The pimento or allspice tree, Pimenta dioca L. (syn. P. officinalis, Liadl.), a native of the West Indies and Central America, yields two essential oils of commercial importance pimento berry oil and pimenta leaf oil. The leaf oil finds some use ia perfumery for its resemblance to clove leaf and cinnamon leaf oils as a result of its high content of eugenol. Pimento berry oil is an item of commerce with extensive appHcation by the flavor industry ia food products such as meat sauces, sausages, and pickles, and moderate use ia perfumery, where it is used primarily as a modifier ia the modem spicy types of men s fragrances. The oil is steam-distilled from dried, cmshed, fully grown but unripe fmits. It is a pale yellow Hquid with a warm-spicy, sweet odor with a fresh, clean topnote, a tenacious, sweet-balsamic-spicy body, and a tea-like undertone. A comparative analysis of the headspace volatiles of ripe pimento berries and a commercial oil has been performed and differences are shown ia Table 52 (95). 

Stains. Nongrain-raising stains are usually sprayed overall and contribute the greatest to the overall undertone color of a finished piece. These stains are also sometimes referred to as body stains or overall stains. They are usually dye-type and can be formulated, depending on the type of dye powder and solvent system, to minimise the effect of the stain on the substrate. 

The colorant s chief disadvantages ate its iaabiUty to blend well with the other iagredients usually found ia powder formulations, its tendency to produce blue undertones, and its abiUty to catalyze the oxidation of perfumes. 

Aufsicht,/. inspection superintendence, supervision, control top view, (of drawings) plan (Dyeing) underhand appearance, undertone. — in der —, in reflected light. 

Unter-teilung, /. subdivision breakdown, split-up partitioning, -ton, m. undertone, -wald, m. underbrush, -walze, /. under roll, bottom roil. 

As this work has been claimed as Hermetic, I have classed it as an alchemical text. "The New Atlantis, 1627, is essentially a utopia, in which Bacon outlines an ideal state. It has sometimes been interpreted as an elaborate allegory with hermetic (and even Rosicrucian) undertones. This text was prepared by Kirk Crady from scanner output provided by Internet Wiretap"... 

There is an interesting allegorical tale with definite alchemical undertones in the German romantic author Novalis novel Heinrich von Ofterdingen which has some parallels with Goethe s Fairy tale of the Green Snake and the Beautiful Lily. 

Negri plunged her all those years ago. Admirably suited to the alchemical talents of Christopher Whyte, The Cloud Machinery reads like a tale by Hoffmann set to music by Mozart. Its brilliant an elegant surface cannot conceal disturbing pyschological undertones which make this a thoroughly contemporary novel... 

Notwithstanding the impressive developments in (bio)chemical sensors over the past decade, little emphasis has been placed on their kinetic connotations, which are only considered when the sensor in question provides a "slow response". It is therefore a priority to devote generous efforts to studying the kinetic undertones of sensors in order to expand their development and applications. However, while kinetics is the key in broad terms, it is even more significant to flow-through sensors on account of their dynamic character (e.g. see [40]). 

The most common oral condition and dental emergency is dental caries, which is a destructive disease of the hard tissues of the teeth due to bacterial infection with Streptococcus mutans and other bacteria. It is characterized by destruction of enamel and dentine. Dental decay presents as opaque white areas of enamel with grey undertones and in more advanced cases, brownish discoloured cavitations. Dental caries is initially asymptomatic and pain does not occur until the decay impinges on the pulp, and an inflammation develops. Treatment of caries involves removal of the softened and infected hard tissues, sealing of exposed dentines and restoration of the lost tooth structure with porcelain, silver, amalgam, composite plastic, gold etc. 

CioHigO, Mr 154.25, J20 0.887-0.893, 1.446-1.450, is a colorless liquid with a complex floral, aromatic and fruity odor, and a lactonic undertone. It is not found in nature. 

The first relationship can be used to predict the optimum particle size of white pigments (Table 7). The second relationship explains, for example, how white pigments in gray color mixtures can produce colored undertones as a result of selective light scattering (see Section 1.3.2). 

After the color of the sample and reference pigments has been measured, color differences are usually calculated by transformation of the X, Y, and Z values into the CIELAB system to calculate color difference. Color measurement results of black and white pigments can be expressed more simply because they only amount to a determination of the relative color undertone. For this, the environment of the reference pigment is divided into eight sectors, these being filled with color names from red to violet . The octant in which the CIELAB color position of the sample is located is found by calculation. 

When colored or black systems are reduced with white pigments, an undertone is observed, which is a particle-size effect of the white pigment (see Section 1.3.1). These undertones can be conveniently expressed as CIELAB color differences. The effects can, however, also be measured by using the difference Rz — Rx between the values obtained with the blue and red tristimulus filters. The undertone measured in this way depends on the lightness, and has a maximum at Y = 41.4. The lightness of a gray paste should therefore have this value to ensure that undertone differences between white pigments are comparable [1.32], [1.33]. 

Undertone of Near-White Samples and Gray Undertones. The undertone of an almost uncolored sample is the small amount of color by which the color of a sample differs from ideal white or achromatic material. It is described by hue and chroma. The distance and direction of the CIELAB color position of the test sample (a , bf) from the achromatic position (0, 0) are used to characterize the hue. The relative undertone is expressed by the distance and direction between the CIELAB color position of the test sample (a, b%) and that of the reference pigment (ag, b ). In both cases, the distance is expressed by a figure and the direction by a color name. For standards, see Table 1 ( Hue relative of near white specimens ). Apparatus spec-... 

Reflectometer coordinates CIELAB color differences Undertone ... 

Figure 10. Undertone of two nearly white samples (Ti02 pigments)...

Hematite is found in large quantities in the vicinity of Malaga in Spain (Spanish red) and near the Persian Gulf (Persian red). The Spanish reds have a brown undertone. Their water-soluble salt content is very low and their Fe203 content often exceeds 90 %. The Persian reds have a pure hue, but their water-soluble salt content is disadvantageous for some applications. Other natural hematite deposits are of only local importance. A special variety occurs in the form of platelets and is extracted in large quantities in Karnten (Austria). This micaceous iron oxide, is mainly used in corrosion protection coatings. 

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