Ultrasonic instrumentation

The term ultrasonic refers to the use of sound waves with fi-equendes in the MHz range. The advantage in LMFR applications is that the wavelength in sodium is of the order of 1 mm, so that measurements of high precision are possible in prindple. 

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Our solution for this inspection problem is a special ultrasonic system consisting of a special probe and a modified pulse-echo ultrasonic instrument. 

These two transducer pairs are activated alternating. For this purpose an ultrasonic instrument is combined with a two channel multiplexer. Figure 8 presents a modified standard instrument USN52 which also implies a modified software. This system performs four measurements per second - alternating the velocity and the thickness are determined. The probe can be scanned over the surface and in every position both, the velocity and the wall thickness are indicated Using the serial interface of the instrument finally a two-dimensional map of velocity or thickness can be generated. 

Fig. 8 Ultrasonic instrument USN52 with a two channel multiplexer...

Having set up the ultrasonic instrument (according to test specifications), the inspector scans the weld volume. Any indications subject to recording are interpreted and documented in a handwritten on-site report. The test report only describes the indications detected by the inspector, but not the completeness of the lest in the sense of a documented 100% volume testing as is the case with X-ray testing. 

The control of the airborne sound location system, the coupling monitor and the real-time evaluation of all signals, including the echo indications from the ultrasonic instrument, is carried out on two additional boards in the PC. The graphic user interface (under Windows 95), including online help, enables an easy operation of the system. The evaluation program links all echo indications in real time with the probe position and displays them in a graphic repre-... 

Documentation of area scanned, top view, side view and all calibration data of ultrasonic instrument and system (comes in a standard 3 page report form)... 

Calibration data transfer from ultrasonic instrument to the system via RS 232... 

The ultrasonic instrument will be set up according to the test specification in the common way. Connection of the instrument to the ISONIC extends the flaw detector performance instrument to a reliable ultrasonic testing system which provides full documentation of the scan. 

Calibration of the ultrasonic instrument, including plotting of a recording curve (DAC), or a reference reflector for a DOS evaluation, or loading of the existing test dataset... 

Measurement at 500 m/min was considered so promising that it was decided to manufacture and test a prototype for the four channel scanning system. In such a system multiplexing of signals from the four transducers to one ultrasonic instrument was a possibility. Alternatively four independent instruments (one for each transducer) could be used in the scanning system. 

ULTRASONE Ultrasonic atomizer Ultrasonic bonding Ultrasonic devices Ultrasonic fusing Ultrasonic generators Ultrasonic instruments... 

Papadakis, E.P. Ultrasonic Instruments and Devices. Academic Press, Inc., San Diego, CA, 2000. 

Thurston, R.N., E.P. Papadakis, and AD. Pierce Ultrasonic Instruments and Devices II Reference for Modem Instrumentation, Techniques, and Technology. Vol. 24, Academic Press, Inc.. San Diego, CA 1999. 

At present there are few commercial ultrasonic instruments which are specifically designed for characterizing food materials. This is one of the major reasons why ultrasound is not... 

Fig. 5. Diagram illustrating an ultrasonic instrument designed to measure the speed of sound in a fluid under known shea conditions. The design is based on a combination of a pulse-echo ultrasonic reflectometer and a controlled-strain concentric cylinder rheometer.

Figure 9. Construction of a disk type ultrasonic instrument.

It is certainly true that the manufacturing technology for ultrasonic equipment has improved greatly in the last few years in step with the advancement of electronic and material science in China. Many ultrasonic instrument factories were built in... 

This chapter gives an in-depth overview of ultrasonic techniques for monitoring fluid/particle flows. Ultrasonic instruments are generally favored by industrial... 

Crabtree (2009) detailed most of the flow meters used in industrial plants. His classification for selecting measuring technology with respect to process application is reproduced in Table 6.3. All flow meters are suitable for clean liquids except for the Ultrasonic-Doppler instrument and only electromagnetic instruments are unsuitable for low conductivity fluids. Most instruments are suitable for high temperature operation or application under certain conditions except for the ultrasonic instruments. Many flow meters are suitable for gases. Few instruments can be used for open channel flow or pipes that are semifllled with the exception of weirs and flumes. 

Ultrasonic monitoring shows thin walls for pipes, internals or vessels faulty ultrasonic instrument/[corrosion] /faulty design. Failure of supports, internals, vessels" [corrosion] /faulty design/unexpected stress or load. 

Ultrasonic instruments can be classified in many of different ways (Christensen, 1988). Among these are ... 

Ultrasonic instrumentation for the drying studies was the Matec MBS 8000. This system was chosen because it has a large dynamic range, 100 db, high precision for both velocity and attenuation measurements and the potential of being fully automated. Currently both velocity and attenuation measurements can automatically be made. Several experiments are being conducted to evaluate the stability and precision of the automated system. 

Gas chromatography-mass spectrometer Agilent 7890 GC/5973 MS (Agilent United States), Electric thermostatic drier (Shanghai Yuejin Medical Machinery Factory), Rotary Evaporator Model RotavaporR-200 (BUCHI), Model TurboVap II (Caliper), Ultrasonic cleaner Model KQ-700E (Kunshan Ultrasonic Instrument Co., Ltd.). 

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