Subject indications

Health and Safety Factors. Results of acute oral toxicity studies of 2-pyrrohdinone on white rats and guinea pigs show the LD q to be 6.5 ml,/kg. Skin patch tests on 200 human subjects indicate that 2-pyrrohdinone is a skin kritant, but there is no indication of sensitising action. It is a mild eye irritant (79). 

This Index comprises material from Volume 56 only For subjects of previous volumes sec Cumulative Indices of Collective Volumes I-V and Subject Indices of Annual Volumes 50-55... 

Melmed, R. N., et al. (1989). Serum neopterin changes in HIV-infected subjects Indicator of significant pathology, CD4 T cell changes, and the development of AIDS. J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. 2,70-76. 

Quantitative estimates of E are obtained the same way as for the collision theory, from measurements, or from quantum mechanical calculations, or by comparison with known systems. Quantitative estimates of the A factor require the use of statistical mechanics, the subject that provides the link between thermodynamic properties, such as heat capacities and entropy, and molecular properties (bond lengths, vibrational frequencies, etc.). The transition state theory was originally formulated using statistical mechanics. The following treatment of this advanced subject indicates how such estimates of rate constants are made. For more detailed discussion, see Steinfeld et al. (1989). 

Feeding studies in human subjects indicated that 85% of the pentaerythritol was eliminated unchanged in the urine. ... 

Tests with human subjects indicate that styrene oxide is capable of causing moderate skin irritation and skin sensitization. These effects may result from single or repeated contact with the undiluted liquid and with solutions as dilute as 1%. Experience indicates that persons who have become sensitized may react severely to contact with the vapor as well as with the liquid material. 

Subjects first underwent a baseline trial of the cold-pressor pain task (Hilgard etal. 1974), which requires them to submerge their forearms into a chest of circulating cold water until they can no longer tolerate it. Subjects then pedalled an exercycle for one minute, which was followed by the information about heart types, life expectancy, and tolerance shifts. Subjects then repeated the cold-pressor task to their tolerance threshold in the presence of a second blind experimenter. Finally, subjects indicated on a questionnaire whether they believed... 

As hypothesized, a majority of subjects indicated that they had not purposefully tried to alter the amount of time they kept their hand in the cold. Moreover, the few subjects who indicated that they did try to shift were no more likely to show the predicted shift than were the many subjects who indicated no attempt to shift. In the post-experimental interview, the first experimenter asked subjects who... 

In addition to in vitro studies, several animal models and trials with human subjects indicate that ingestion of polyphenols increases the resistance of LDL oxidation ex vivo [167,168]. 

Both objective and subjective indicators of mental performance are appropriate to use in establishing whether there... 

Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion. Quantitative data on the absorption of radium after intake via any exposure route are very limited. No data were located on the absorption of radium after dermal exposure. Information on laboratory workers exposed to radium during an industrial accident indicates that absorption can occur via the inhalation route. A study in elderly human subjects indicated that at least 20% of the ingested radium-224 in mock radium dial paint was absorbed and retained. No studies were located on the absorption of radium by animals after inhalation or dermal exposure. A study of orally exposed rats indicated that retention of radium at 400 to 500 days was 1% to 7% of the administered dose. Further studies to investigate the absorption and retention of radium after inhalation, oral, and dermal exposure would be helpful in elucidating the relative risks associated with exposure by each route. 

Lichstein KL, Wilson, NM, Noe SL, Aguillard RN, Bellur SN. Daytime sleepiness in insomnia behavioral, biological, and subjective indices. Sleep 1994 17 693-702. 

However, it is known that even older adults who do not complain of insomnia, manifest significantly disturbed sleep relative the younger subjects, indicating that many healthy older individuals apparently adapt their perception of what is acceptable sleep for their age [50],... 

Geophagla was also reported for the subjects in Iran and an analysis of a sample of clay eaten by some of the subjects Indicated that the clay contained a very high concentration of calcium. 

The rapidly accumulating literature on the subject indicates that pesticides have contaminated land and water throughout the world. Pesticides have been found in fish and animals in areas remote from their application. 

Dichlorvos is a known inhibitor of cholinesterase, and it is likely that under certain conditions of use, a significant degree of inhibition might occur. However, under the conditions of these experiments, no such effect appears to have occurred. The subjects indicated no adverse effects. 

The melting-point of the alpha trinitrotoluene has been the subject of much discussion. The earlier chemists determined the melting-point of this isomer, and finally concluded that it melted at 82° C. More recent research on this subject indicates that the true melting-point is lower than that figure. Many chemists are loath to accept the lower melting-point because in several cases TNT has been prepared that melts at just about 82°. It must be remembered, however, that the commercial product contains, aside from the... 

These are the objective signs of withdrawal distress which can be measured the subjective indications are equally severe and the illness reaches its peak within 48-72 h after the last dose of the opioid, gradually subsiding thereafter for the next 5-10 days. The withdrawal syndrome proper is self-limiting and most addicts will survive it with no medical assistance whatever (this is known as kicking the habit, cold turkey ). Abrupt withdrawal is inhumane, but with the use of such drugs as methadone, it is possible to reduce the distress of withdrawal very considerably. ... 

Although data from healthy subjects indicate no interaction of ketoprofen with warfarin, severe gastrointestinal bleeding and a prolonged prothrombin time have been attributed to this combination (SEDA-13, 81). 

The series has not for many years possessed a subject index. In a series of this type in which any one volume contains contributions on a number of disparate topics, a subject index covering a single volume is not especially useful. However, a subject index appearing periodically should be of considerably greater utility to readers. Therefore, with Volume 40, subject indexes will appear in every fifth volume. The subject index for Volume 40 will be cumulative, covering Volumes 1-40 subsequent subject indices will cover just the preceding five volumes, e.g., that of Volume 45 will cover Volumes 41-45. 

Volcanic activity. Volcanic activity includes atmospheric dust, ash, and lava flows. The relationship of atmospheric volcanic dust to quantitative mineral inputs is not known, but a review of the subject indicates that this mineral source is not generally significant from an agricultural standpoint (Lamb, 1970). Recent volcanic ash deposition and lava flows can make sizable contributions of minerals to soils on a localized basis. Maximum involvement in this respect concerns land areas bordering on or occurring as islands in the Pacific Ocean. 

A list of alphabetically ordered references, and author and subject indices complete the book. 

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