Ultra-high temperature-treated

Thiazolium salt XTT has been used to evaluate the extent of the Maillard reaction in UHT (ultra-high-temperature)-treated milk, where it proved more rapid and convenient than determination of lactulose, HMF, or furosine.451 To establish the nature of the Maillard reaction products (MRP) involved, the interaction of the aminoreductone from lactose and n-butylamine (Amax = 319.5 nm) with MRP was studied. Excellent correlation (r = 0.967, n = 19) was found between the increased absorbance at 319.5 nm and XTT reducibility, as measured at 492 nm, near Alliax for the formazan, the reduction product of XTT. 

Figure 10-18 Regeneration in Ultra High Temperature Treated Milk as a Function of Storage Temperature. (A) 2°C (B) 20°C (C) 37°C. Source From F. Kiermeier and C. Kayser, Heat Inactivation of Lactoperoxidase (in German), Z Lebensm. Untersuch. Forsch., Vol. 113,1960.

Compatible with protein-rich beverages (e.g., milk-based soy-based) treated with high-temperature short-time (HTST) pasteurization. However, may be issues with flocculation, thickening, or sedimentation due to Ca-protein interactions when subjected to ultra-high temperature (UHT) heat treatment... 

Heat treatment of milk above 60 °C, which promotes whey protein denaturation and its complexation with K-casein at normal milk pH (6.6), also affects renneting properties. An increase in rennet coagulation time and a decrease in gel firmness were observed with increased heat treatment of milk (Menard and Gamier, 2005). Ultra-high temperature (UHT) treated milk failed to coagulate completely but the coagulation properties were restored by threefold concentration of the UHT milk (McMahon ef al., 1993). 

B. Recycling cobalt from batteries in dedicated plants. Umicore, through its Umicore Battery Recycling (UBR) division, has recently installed a pilot plant capable of treating 7000 tonnes per year of batteries (Ni-MH and Li-ion) (16). The plant makes use of the patented ultra high temperature process (>3000°C plasma torch UHT), as illustrated in Figure 8 below. 

The structures and properties of heteroatom zeolites vary due to the introduction of heteroatoms in the zeolite frameworks. When treated in high-temperature water vapor, zeolites Y, mordenite, and ZSM-5 are dealuminated to be ultra-stabilized, whereas heteroatom zeolites undergo demetallation that is, the heteroatoms are removed from the frameworks to form extraframework species, and the resulting zeolites become catalytically active for special reactions. For instance, when treated in water vapor at... 

Thermal spreading was studied by treating the catalysts in an oven at a consUint temperature for 1 h. Both loose powder catalysts and samples pressed into self-supporting wafers were investigated in the current studies. After the thermal treatments, Raman spectra of the catalysts were recorded in an ambient environment or in a controlled oxygen atmosphere. In the latter case, the samples were heated in oxygen (Linde Gas, ultra-high purity) in a dehydration cell for 45 minutes at 300°C and then cooled to about 50°C to obtain the Raman spectra. Additional details about the Raman spectrometer can be found elsewhere [5]. 

Liquid crystalline polymers are important in the fabrication of lightweight, ultra-high-strength, and temperature-resistant fibers and Aims such as Dupont s Kevlar and Monsanto s X-500. The structural factors responsible for promoting the above classes of polymers will be discussed when we treat the structure of polymers. 

C. Klapperich, L. Pruitt, K. Komvopoulos, Chemical and biological characteristics of low-temperature plasma treated ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene for biomedical applications. J. Mater. Sei. Mater. Med. 12, 549-556 (2001)... 

A novel room temperature method for producing nested fullerene-hke M0S2 with an a-MoS3 core using a sonoelectrochem-ical probe has been described [72]. M0S2 nanotubes also occur occasionally in this product. UltrasonicaUy induced reactions are attributed to the effect of cavitation, whereby very high temperatures and pressures are obtained inside the imploding gas bubbles, which are formed in ultra-sonically treated liquid solutions [73]. The... 

The constmction material of metallic monoliths are alloys of iron, about 15-20 wL % chromium and 5 wt.% aluminium (Fecralloy). The unique feature of these alloys is the formation of a thin alumina layer (0.5 pm) on their outer surface when treated at temperatures above 850 °C [130]. Long alumina whiskers are formed at temperatures of around 900 °C and an oxidation time of greater than 12h (see Figure 10.6). This alumina layer then acts as an adhesion layer for the catalyst coating. On top of this, the alumina layer protects the alloy from corrosion, which allows the operation of ultra-thin Fecralloy foils at high temperatures. 

Kowalczy et al investigated five kinds of ruthenium catalysts supported on activated carbons treated under ultra high vacuum at the temperature range of 2,000 K-2,200 K and made the correlations between the pore structures and the distribution of active components. The experimental results show that the smface areas and the pore volumes are different (Table 6.4) in different activated carbons. The dispersions of ruthenium are closely related with the pore structures of activated carbons. The fuller development of pore structures in activated carbon, the higher the dispersion of ruthenium is (Table 6.5). 

Plasma treatment refers to the surface modification processes of materials using non-equilibrium gas plasmas. Non-equilibrium plasmas with a low degree of ionization, so-called cold plasmas or low-temperature plasmas, are mainly conposed of electrons, ions, free radicals, and electronically excited atomic and molecular species. These highly reactive plasma species interact non-thermally with material surfaces, and can react with and bond to various substrate surfaces, or combine together to form an ultra thin layer of plasma coating, and consequently alter the surface chemistry and surface properties. The plasma treated nanoparticles with desired surface functionalities can strongly interact with liquid molecules and thus better disperse into the base fluid to form stable suspension. 

---