Ulceration, gastro-intestinal

Another rapid turn over tissue is the intestine and gastro-intestinal reactions are also quite common, mainly diarrhoea and vomiting, but also life threatening peptic ulceration. 

The nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs like aspirin, indomethacin and phenylbutazone causes ulceration in gastro-intestinal tract which provides a site for bleeding in patients on anticoagulants. 

Prophylactic and therapeutic administration of Enterosgel to rats with experimental peptic ulcer and ulcerative colitis, significantly decreased the number and surface area of lesions on gastro-intestinal tract (GIT) mucosa and reduced the severity of the syndrome of endogenous intoxication that accompanied these injuries [21, 22]. The first evidence of clinical use of Enterosgel in combined therapy of peptic gastric ulcer and duodenum was reported by S.M. Tkach, who had noted that enterosorp-tion significantly reduced the number of side effects of treatment, and the rate of Helicobacter eradication increased from 83.3 to 93.3% [23]. 

Gastric-intestinal injury Gastro-intestinal ulceration in rats... 

The risk of gastrointestinal ulceration, bleeding and even perforation with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug therapy is well known (Hawkey 1994 Lanas et al. 2003). The mechanisms by which these drugs cause gastro-intestinal irritation are complex (Rains-ford 1989). Deleterious effects may result from local actions, which cause injuries to the submucosal capillaries with subsequent necrosis and bleeding, or from inhibition of the formation of protective prostaglandins. 

It exerts its bacteriostatie effeet in the gastro-intestinal traet. It has been found to be twice as active as sulfaguanidine in the treatment of bowel irregularities. It is often effective in watery diarrhoeas and ulcerative eolitis. It is also used in the pre-operative treatment of patients undergoing surgery of the intestinal traet. It may also be reeommended in the treatment of acute bascillary dysentry of the Sonne, Flexner and Shiga species. 

Horses, also, about tbe works develop ulcerations if tbe salt get into wounds or cracks in tbe legs and tbe animals may lose tbeir hoofs. Cases of poisoning by chromates are rare. They have been recorded by J. Maschka, E. 0. MacNiven, W. A. McLach-lan, J. J. Bloomfield and W. Blum, A. M Crorie, G. Wilson, J. T. Gadsby, A. D. Walker, G. Leopold, 0. von Linstow, and R. C. Smith. The symptoms are severe gastro-intestinal inflammation, accompanied by depression, stupor, and death. The subject was discussed by A. Hebert, H. Becker, L. Lewin, etc. The objectionable uses of chromates for preserving milk, etc., was discussed by... 

Adverse effects of naproxen is similar to that of ibuprofen. The most frequent adverse effects occuring are gastrointestinal disturbances. Peptric ulceration and gastro-intestinal bleeding have been reported, other side effects include headache, dizziness, nervousness, skin rash, pruritus, tinnitus, oedema, depression, drowsiness, insomnia, and blurred vision and other occular reactions. Hypersensitivity reactions, abnormalities of liver function tests, impairment of renal function including interstitial nephritis or the nephrotic-syndrome, agranulocytosis, and thrombocytopenia have occasionally been observed (5). 

Hydrocolloids are usually based on carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), but can include other polysaccharides and proteins as well. These dressings are produced in the form of either a flexible foam or a film containing a layer of hydrocolloid in granule or paste form. Hydrocolloids were first used as treatment for oral lesions. They can adhere to moist surfaces, absorb water and form a protective gel. Coated on polyethylene sheet, they were used in gastro-intestinal surgical procedures, such as involved in ostomy appliance attachment. Without the plastic backing, they were used for treatment of ulcers. They increase granulation tissue formation, which can be overproduced if not watched, but they do not promote epithelialization (18). 

The heparinoids have actions as antihistamines. Selected cases of acute hay fever and asthma were helped by intravenous heparin, particularly for the acute attacks. Sufficient clinical improvement was observed to warrant further studies that heparin may provide protection against endogenous histamine. The combination of basic antibiotic and heparin is valuable , possibly due to reduction of toxicity of the antibiotic. While heparin has no effect on the action of histamine on the cat blood pressure, it suppresses histamine-induced gastric acid secretion in Heidenhain pouch Chondroitin sulphate reduces the number of gastric ulcers in the Shay rat but polyethylene sulphonates of molecular weights between 15,000 and 35,000, as well as other heparinoids, produce gastro-intestinal ulcers on chronic administration. ... 

---