U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration OSHA

The U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has set a ceiling level for iodine of 0.1 ppm in air. The American Conference of Government and Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) estabUshed 0.1 ppm as the TLV (TWA) for iodine. The maximum allowable concentration in air (MAK value) is also 0.1 ppm (104—106). 

The threshold limit value (TLV) set by the American Conference of Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) for teUurium and its compounds is 0.1 mg/m which is about ten times the amount which has been known to produce the adverse garUc odor (45,50). The ACGIH TLV for teUurium hexafluoride is 0.1 mg/m or 0.02 ppm of air. Likewise, the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has estabUshed its permissible exposure limit (PEL) for teUurium and its compounds at 0.1 mg/m the PEL for teUurium hexafluoride is 0.2 mg/m or 0.02 ppm of air (50). 

Safe Exposure Levels. The U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has adopted workplace exposure limits designed to keep airborne concentrations weU below the levels known to cause health problems (35) including ( ) daUy time-weighted average (TWA) exposure over an eight-hour day is not to exceed beryUium concentrations of 2 lg/m of air and (2) short-term exposure should not exceed beryUium concentrations of 25... 

The TLV is not a single entity. The ACGIH defines three categories of TLV, namely, the time-weighted average (TLV-TWA), the short-term exposure limit (TLV-STEL), and the ceiling. Because these are proprietary terms, the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has adopted different terminology for essentially the same concepts, as follows ... 

Chromium and certain chromium compounds are classified as substances known to be carcinogenic. ERA classifies chromium as a de minimis carcinogen, meaning that the minimum amount of the chemical set by the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) is considered to be carcinogenic. Chromium compounds vary greatly in their toxic and carcinogenic effects. Trivalent chromium compounds are considerably less toxic than the hexavalent compounds and are neither irritating nor corrosive. 

In addition to the Civil Rights Act, other laws and regulations affect the management ofhuman resources. For instance, the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 established the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) to develop and enforce workplace standards designed to prevent work-related injuries, illnesses, and deaths (OSHA, 2007). Of particular relevance to pharmacy are OSHA s ergonomic workplace standards and its rules for preventing exposure to hazardous chemicals and bloodborne pathogens. 

In December 1988, the Organization Resources Counselors, Inc., in order to assist the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), prepared a report entitled Recommendations for Process Hazards Management of Substances with Catastrophic Au Potential. [131 This document was drafted to help OSHA revise standards for handling ref nos. hazardous materials. 

Courts have enforced the distinction between regulatory programs that permit (or require) risk assessment from those which prohibit reliance on risk assessment. In the seminal 1980 case reviewing the benzene standard promulgated by the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), the U.S. Supreme Court held that the U.S. OSHA must use risk assessment to demonstrate that workers were exposed to a significant risk before taking regulatory action (lUD 1980). The U.S. OSHA had proposed to reduce exposures to the lowest levels feasible after... 

Aquatic Information Retrieval). Produced by the Environmental Protection Agency, Offlce of Pesticides and Toxic Substances, USA. AQUIRE includes data on tests performed on freshwater and saltwater organisms. At March 1990 it contained data on over 5200 diemicals in over 104,000 different assays. Compiled by J.T. Baker Inc., Phillipsbuig, New Jersey, USA. Contains MSDSs for around ISOO chemical substances, using guidelines of the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). 

Carbon dioxide is an important constituent of interest in the field of air pollution, from both local and global perspectives. Its anthropogenic sources include combustion of fossil fuels and depletion of rain forests. The background concentration of carbon dioxide in the northern hemisphere has risen from approximately 310 ppm in the middle of the 20th century to 369 ppm in 2000. This situation is connected to the greenhouse effect and has become an important issue beyond national boundaries. Moreover, enormous amounts of CO are generated by incomplete combustion of carbonaceous fuels such as wood, coal, gasoline, and natural gas. From the human health point of view, the current U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) permissible exposure limit (PEL) for CO is 50 ppm. The exposure standard recommended by the... 

U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), Method 104 Dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), di-n-octyl phthalate (DNOP), http //www.osha-slc.gov/dts/sltc/methods/organic/orgl04/orgl04. html. 

The U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) classifies aluminum oxide as a nui ance duAt in the workplace. A nuisance dust is one for which no serious harmful effects have been identified as long as its release is kept under control. It may, however, cause unpleasant... 

Personal protective gear comes in four levels of protection. Levels A-D are the protection level ratings used by the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), with Level A being most protective and Level D the least. Levels A and B depend on air supplied from a hose or tank, while Levels C and D depend on filtering air through some device. 

The U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has a stringent requirement covering hand washing to protect workers against blood-borne diseases. Employers must supply conventional hand-washing materials or where running water is not available, alternatives such as water-free sanitizers, (e.g., alcohol gels) and antiseptic hand cleaners. 

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