Tyrosinase gene expression

Figure 5. Tyrosinase gene expression in melanocytes of the hair follicle. Bright field photographs show sections of skin of 4-day-old albino mice. Bar represents 50 pm.

Figure 6. Transgene and tyrosinase gene expression in early eye development. Sections are derived from embryonic day 10.5 (A, B), 12.5 (C, D), 13.5 (E), and 17.5 (F) (for details see Beermann etal., 1992a,b). Transgene-specific expression (ptrTyrS) is depicted in A, B, E, F, and tyrosinase gene expression in C and D. In A-D, the same section was photographed both in dark field (A, C) and in bright field (B, D). Bar represents 150 pm in A, B 250 pm in C, D, E and 200 pm in F.

Ponnazhagan, S., and Kwon, B. S. (1992). A cis-acting element involved in mouse tyrosinase gene expression and partial purification of its binding protein. Pigment Cell Res. 5 155-161. 

Cangul IT, van Garderen E, Van der Poel HJ, et al. Tyrosinase gene expression in clear cell sarcoma indicates a melanocytic origin Insight from the first reported canine case. APMIS. 1999 107 982-988. 

VII. Expression Analysis of the Tyrosinase Gene in Transgenic Mice.163... 

VII. EXPRESSION ANALYSIS OF THE TYROSINASE GENE IN TRANSGENIC MICE... 

The temporal expression pattern of the mouse tyrosinase gene during embryonic development was not known, and therefore we exploited the... 

Figure 7. Expression pattern of the mouse tyrosinase gene during embryonic development and its recapitulation in transgenic mice as determined by in situ hybridization (Beermann et al., 1992a). Black box, mouse tyrosinase open box, transgene ptrTyrf striped box, ptrTyr5. Interrupted boxes indicate variations between lines. RPE, retinal pigment epithelium e, days of gestation d0.5, newborn.

This brief summary shows that our understanding of the basis of melanocyte-specific expression of the tyrosinase gene and the tyrosinase-related genes TRP-1 and TRP-2 is still limited. Novel approaches such as the introduction of the 70-kb-long mouse tyrosinase gene with extensive 5 flanking sequences as recently achieved (Schedl et al., 1993) allow an experimental attack of this important question. 

Beermann, F., Schmid, E., and Schtitz, G. (1992a). Expression of the mouse tyrosinase gene during embryonic development recapitulation of the temporal regulation in transgenic mice. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89 2809-2813. 

Beermann, F Schmid, E., GanB, R., Schiitz, G., and Ruppert, S. (1992b). Molecular characterization of the mouse tyrosinase gene pigment cell-specific expression in transgenic mice. Pigment Cell Res. 5 295-299. 

GanB, R., Montoliu, L Monaghan, A. P., and Schiitz, G. (1994c). Acell-specific enhancer far upstream of the mouse tyrosinase gene confers high level and copy number-related expression in transgenic mice. EMBO J. 13 3083-3093. 

Porter, S. )., and Meyer, C. J. (1994). A distal tyrosinase upstream element stimulates gene expression in neural-crest-derived melanocytes of transgenic mice position-independent and mosaic expression. Development 120 2103-2111. 

Shibata, K Muraosa, Y.,Tomita, Y., Tagami, H and Shibahara, S. (1992). Identification of a cis-acting element that enhances the pigment cell-specific expression of the human tyrosinase gene. J. Biol. Chem. 267 20584-20588. 

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E Katz, CJ Thompson, DA Hopwood. Cloning and expression of the tyrosinase gene from Streptomyces antibioticus in Streptomyces lividans. J Gen Microbiol 129 2703-2714, 1983. 

Mintz, B and Bradl, M. (1991). Mosaic expression of a tyrosinase fusion gene in albino mice yields a heritable striped coat color pattern in transgenic homozygotes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USASS 9643-9647. 

B. W. Hughes, A. H. Wells, Z. Bebok, V. K. Gadi, R. J. Garver, W. B. Parker, and E. J. Sorscher, Bystander killing of melanoma cells using the human tyrosinase promoter to express the Escherichia coli purine nucleoside phosphorylase gene, Cancer Res. 55 3339 (1995). 

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