Twin effect

Few industries have been as affected by the restructurings of the past ten years as the paint industry. The extension of markets worldwide owing to the multiplication abroad of client factories of this industry, the technological revolutions brought about by the introduction of electrophoresis, of water-based lacquers, and of powder coatings had the twin effect of pushing the chemical leaders to expand worldwide in this area and to lead those paint companies that were still independent to sell out for want of the funds needed to develop... 

In both reinforced and normal asphaltic samples. It can be seen that with increasing the bitumen percent, the stiffness modulus is increased but this increasing in reinforced samples is more than normal samples. This topic due to twin effects of bitumen and tire thread mesh. 

Realistically, we did not have the option of incorporating a second thio substituent to enhance the acidity of the substrate. Rather, we expected the twin effects of the thioester s electronic influence and the resonance stabilization of the Michael/ retro-Michael tandem to enable the formation of the enolate under mildly basic conditions. The electronic effect of the thioester was supported by a calculation, indicating that the pKa of the a-proton of the thioester would lower (by 1.5 p/C, units) in comparison with 9 [30]. It was not clear if this would be enough to permit racemization under reaction conditions that would support sufficient enzyme activity but relatively little work would be required to test the hypothesis. 

Jacobs, N., Van Gestel, S., Derom, C., Thiery, E., Vernon, P., Derom, R., Vlietinck, R. (2001). Heritability estimates of intelligence in twins effect of chorion type. Behav. Genet. 31 209—217. 

Their high alkalinity has the twin effects of disinfecting the affected region and of promoting the formation of reparative dentine. 

It is desirable to reduce axial dispersion because it can reduce the efficiency of separation. The effects of axial dispersion differ for gas and liquid phase systems, and special considerations may be needed for porous particles when flowrates are low. Axial dispersion is caused by the twin effects of molecular diffusion and turbulent mixing which arises from the splitting and recombination of flows around particles. To a first approximation, these effects are generally considered additive (Ruthven 1984) ... 

PMCB) controls macroscopic properties such as crystalling Mediated covalent bonding related domain ( / 7/o), superstructures (Z=4ra) and Volum rnperature, Tc, twin-effect is dominant only at 1 mol% H2O. contraction (V4). The H/D... 

The principal parameters affecting the size of droplets produced by twin-fluid atomizers have also been discussed (34). These parameters include Hquid viscosity, surface tension, initial jet diameter (or film thickness), air density, relative velocity, and air—Hquid ratio. However, these parameters may have an insignificant effect on droplet size if atomization occurs very rapidly near the atomizer exit. 

Both effects can produce coarser atomization. However, the influence of Hquid viscosity on atomization appears to diminish for high Reynolds or Weber numbers. Liquid surface tension appears to be the only parameter independent of the mode of atomization. Mean droplet size increases with increasing surface tension in twin-fluid atomizers (34). is proportional to CJ, where the exponent n varies between 0.25 and 0.5. At high values of Weber number, however, drop size is nearly proportional to surface tension. 

The effect of concentration of cationic (cetylpyridinium chloride, CPC), anionic (sodium dodecylsulfate, SDS) and nonionic (Twin-80) surfactants as well as effect of pH value on the characteristics of TLC separ ation has been investigated. The best separ ation of three components has been achieved with 210 M CPC and LIO M Twin-80 solutions, at pH 7 (phosphate buffer). Individual solution of SDS didn t provide effective separation of caffeine, theophylline, theobromine, the rate of separ ation was low. The separ ation factor and rate of separ ation was increase by adding of modifiers - alcohol 1- propanol (6 % vol.) or 1-butanol (0.1 % vol.) in SDS solution. The optimal concentration of SDS is 210 M. 

It was found that the effect of solvents and various surfactants Triton X-100, Twin-80, Brij-35 sodium laurylsulfate, sodium cetylsulfate, cetylpyridinium chloride, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide on the luminescence intensity is insignificant. 

Second, deformation twins were observed in metal grains at the damaged surfaces. Deformation twinning cannot result from corrosion but is the consequence of shock loading of the metal, precisely the effects of microjets of water impacting on the metal surface. 

G.T. Gray III, The Effect of Residual Strain on Twinning in Shock-Loaded Copper, in Proc. 44th Annual Meeting of Electron Microscopy Soc. (edited by G.W. Bailey), San Francisco Press, 1986, 422 pp. 

Anonymous, Shock-Loading Effect On, and Deformation Twinning of Beryllium, John Crerar Library, Research Information Service Bib. No. 236, Chicago, IL, 6 pp., June 1967. 

Figures 4c and 4d illustrate what happens when the incident electron probe is focused to illuminate alternately a crystallite in the center of the image (labelled twin) (Figure 4c) and another crystallite adjacent to the twin (Figure 4d). This focused-probe technique is sometimes referred to as micro-diffi-action. Two effects are evident in these micro-diffraction patterns. First, the diffraction patterns consist...

The tensile properties of the extruded blends and composites are presented in Table 2. Compared to the neat PP, a clear reinforcement was achieved after twin-screw blending. The reinforcing effect was even more pronounced with the higher take-up speed (H), evidently due to the extremely fibrillar morphology, as seen in Fig. 3. 

However, it is not yet clear why the ener es of the SISF and the twin boundary increase with increasing A1 concentration. To find a clue to the problem, it would be needed to make out the effects of the short-range ordering of A1 atoms in excess of the stoichiometric composition of the HAl phase on the energies of planar faults and the stmcture of dislocation cores in the Al-rich HAl phase. 

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