Tween 80/polysorbate

CH CHzCH CH H CH CHzIgCHs Figure 7.9.5 The anionic surfactant TWEEN 20 Polysorbate 20. 

Tween-20 (Polysorbate 20) from Fluka GmbH, Switzerland, was used as emulsifier in the watery continuous phase. Tween-20 with HLB (Hydrophilic-Lipophilic Balance) of 16.7 is well soluble in watery phases thus stabilizing oil drops in water and was applied both in simple and multiple emulsions. The molecular sum formula is C58H114026 and the CMC is ca. 4.9 x 10 M or 60 mg/1 (data sheet of manufacturer) in water. 

Abbreviations BA benzyl alcohol BHT butylated hydroxytoluene BKC benzalkonium chloride BzCI benethonium chloride CCS croscarmellose sodium cit citric acid dex dextrose IPM isopropyl myristate KP potassium phosphates MCC microcrystalline cellulose MeC methyl cellulose MePB methyl parabens Mr relative molecular mass NaCit Na citrate NaCMC Na carboxymethylcellulose Na2edta disodium edetate NaP sodium phosphate PEG polyethylene glycol PE-OH phenylethyl alcohol PG propylene glycol pov povidone PrPB propyl parabens SAI steroidal anti-inflammatory Tw Tween (polysorbate)... 

Polyethylene glycol / Ethylene oxide (Spans) sorbitan esters (Tweens, polysorbates)... 

Esters of fatty acids with sorbitan are frequently ethoxylated to various degrees. The esters and ethoxylated esters (the well-known Spans, Tweens, polysorbates, etc.) form a very important family of nonionic materials for use in many applications such as foods, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. 

Surfactants. The use of surfactants is greatly restricted in formulating ophthalmic solutions. The order of surfactant toxicity is anionic > cationic >> nonionic. Several nonionic surfactants are used in relatively low concentrations to aid in dispersing steroids in suspensions and to achieve or to improve solution clarity. Those principally used are the sorbitan ether esters of oleic acid (Polysorbate or Tween 20 and 80), polymers of oxyethylated octyl phenol (Tyloxapol), and polyoxyl 40 stearate. The lowest concentration possible is used to perform the desired function. Their effect on preservative efficacy and their possible binding by macromolecules must be taken into account, as well as their effect on ocular irritation. The use of surfactants as cosolvents for an ophthalmic solution of chloramphenicol has been described [271]. This com-... 

Hypersensitivity to the drug, mycophenolic acid, or any component of the drug product people with a sensitivity to polysorbate 80 Tween) (IV only). 

Low-molecular-weight surfactants ( emulsifiers ) are important ingredients in food products. The types of surfactants most commonly studied in food colloids research are phospholipids (lecithin), mono/diglycerides (particularly glycerol monostearate), polysorbates (Tweens), sorbitan monostearate or monooleate (Spans), and sucrose esters. These small lipid-based amphiphiles can typically lower the interfacial tension to a greater extent than the macromolecular amphiphiles such as proteins and certain gums (Bos and van Vliet, 2001). 

Nonionic Poloxamer Polysorbate Oral suspension (124/338), and solution (188/407) Oral suspension (Tween 20,40,60,80), syrup (Tween 40) solution (Tween 80) H0(C2H40)a(C3H60)b (C2H40)a H (see Figure 3)... 

Preservatives such as sodium benzoate, sorbic acid, and methyl and propyl parabens have been used in liquid and semisolid dosage forms. There have been reports that the parabens have been inactivated when used in the presence of various surfactants. This loss of activity was thought to be due to the formation of complexes between the preservative and the surfactant. The interaction between polysorbate (Tween) 80 and the parabens has been demonstrated by a dialysis technique (Ravin and Radebaugh, 1990). It has also been shown that molecular complexes form when the parabens are mixed with polyethylene glycol (PEG) and methylcellulose. The degree of binding was less than that observed with Tween 80. Sorbic acid also interacts with Tweens but does not interact with PEGs. The quaternary ammonium compounds are also bound by Tween 80, which reduces their preservative activity. 

The effect of various surfactants, the cationics-eetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB), and cetyl pyridinium chloride (CPC), the anionic-sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), and the nonionic-polysorbate 80 (Tween 80), on the solubility and ionization constants of some sparingly soluble weak acids of pharmaceutical interest was studied (Gerakis et al., 1993). Benzoic acid (and its 3-methyl-, 3-nitro-, and 4-tert-butyl-derivatives), acetylsalicylic acid, naproxen, and iopanoic acid were chosen as model drugs. The cationics, CTAB and CPC, were found to considerably increase th< ionization constant of the weak acidS Ka ranged from-0.21 to-3.57), while the anionic, SLS, showed a negligible effect and the nonionic, Tween 80, generally decreased the ionization constants Solubility of the acids increased in aqueous micellar and in acidiLed micellar solutions. 

Neutralizer. The Neutralizer mixture consisted of 12.7% Tween 80 (brand of polysorbate), 6.0% Tamol SN (brand of sodium salt of naphthalene-formaldehyde condensate), 1.7% lecithin, 1% Peptone, and 0.1% Cystine. This... 

Magnesium stearate, stearic acid, sodium stearyl fumarate Hypromellose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, methylcellolose Ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid, butylated hydroxy toluene Sodium lauryl sulfate, Polysorbate 80 (Tween 80) Cyclodextrins, ethyl alcohol, propylene glycol D-a-Tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate, oleic acid... 

The polysorbates used most regarding efflux pump inhibition are polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurates (Tween 20), polyoxyethylene sorbitan monopalmi-tates (Tween 40) and polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleates (Tween 80). Various studies demonstrate the ability of polysorbates to inhibit efflux pumps. In transport experiments across intestinal mucosa, the efflux ratio (basolateral to apical drug transport/apical to basolateral drug transport) of rhodamine 123 was reduced in the presence of Tween 80 (Shono et al. 2004). In another study, Zhang et al. demonstrated enhanced absorption of the P-glycoprotein substrate digoxin in rats in the presence of Tween 80 (Zhang et al. 2003). 

Polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate (Polysorbate 20 or Tween 20) 0 II CH20(CH Hfi)z1CH2CH20—C CH2(CH2)9CH3 I... 

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