Turnaround point

Gifford E, Wang Z, Ramachandran S, Heflin JR (2007) Sensitivity control of optical fiber biosensors utilizing turnaround point long period gratings with self-assembled polymer coatings. Proc SPIE 6659 665900... 

In the arrangement before this recommended improvement (i.e., with only one baffle), a 12" diameter round load would require a clearance to 16" in normal practice. When no piece was under the baffle, up to 25% of the poc was allowed to move in the direction of the product (parallel gas and load movement instead of the preferred counterflow). In one instance, this leaking caused nearly half of the furnace zones to be underfired, and with little, if any, hot gas flow in the entry part of the zone where the gas turned around. Each zone downstream from this gas-turnaround point all the way to the discharge would be controlled by the thermocouple at the discharge of the preceding zone. The result was that calculated furnace capacity could not be met This may have caused the removal of burners from zone 1. 

Answer About five hours after startup, the production of additional xenon from decay of the increasing iodine concentration catches up with the rate of xenon decay plus burnout, and the xenon passes through 0 minimum or turnaround point. The compensating control rods therefore pass through 0 maximum insertion point at time of farnarcand. 

Since a standard additions calibration curve is constructed in the sample, it cannot be extended to the analysis of another sample. Each sample, therefore, requires its own standard additions calibration curve. This is a serious drawback to the routine application of the method of standard additions, particularly in laboratories that must handle many samples or that require a quick turnaround time. For example, suppose you need to analyze ten samples using a three-point calibration curve. For a normal calibration curve using external standards, only 13 solutions need to be analyzed (3 standards and 10 samples). Using the method of standard additions, however, requires the analysis of 30 solutions, since each of the 10 samples must be analyzed three times (once before spiking and two times after adding successive spikes). 

When customers maintain small inventories, truck dehveiy is often used, provided the location of the supply point is nearby, usually 550 km (300 mi) or less, and dehveries are frequent. If, however, a user maintains large inventories, dehveries are ordinarily made by rail. Other parameters influencing choice are transportation cost operating costs of suppher loading facihties customer receiving and unloading facilities turnaround time for the container and the num-... 

It has already been noted that PERT was developed to speed up the Polaris project. The Navy was dealing with hundreds of subcontractors, each constructing parts in a different location. These were then sent to an assembly point where the submarine was put together. Until the items arrived there, the activities were essentially independent. This is different from CPM, which was developed mainly for maintenance turnarounds at a given location. Under these conditions, everything was closely interrelated. 

The point at which the pressure in a relieving cl System stops rising and begins to fall. This is also sometimes called "turnaround . 

The process of laboratory automation begins vhen you have clearly identified the things that you want to achieve, and why you want to achieve them. Those "things" should not be couched in phases like "I want to automate the. ..", but rather "I need faster sample turnaround", or "...more sophisticated data analysis routines will...". As far as the "why ", at some point you are going to have to justify the project, and its cost in terms of time, money, and people. 

From a practical point of view, there are several additional criteria that the ideal test should meet. Alternatives to current in vivo test systems basically should be designed to evaluate the observed toxic response in a manner as closely predictive of the outcome of interest in humans as possible. In addition, the test should be fast enough so that the turnaround time for a given test chemical is reasonable for the intended purpose (very rapid for a screen and timely for a definitive test). The speed of the test and the ability to conduct tests on several chemicals simultaneously will determine the overall productivity. The test should be inexpensive so that it is economically competitive with current testing practices. Finally, the technology should be easily transferred from one laboratory to another without excessive capital investment (relative to the value of the test performed) or the need for special skills for test implementation. 

Sample testing turnaround is the time needed to complete testing of a stability sample. This is the time from the point at which a sample is removed from the storage chamber until the time that all the tests are completed and results are approved for submission. This time should be defined based on available resources as well as the analyst s sample workload. The industry standard for completion of testing is 30 days however, it depends on the nature of the samples as well as the testing to be done. For samples stored at accelerated or stressed conditions, testing should be started as soon as the samples leave the chambers in order to stop the degradation process. 

Several methods are available for the analysis of tetrachloroethylene in biological media. The method of choice depends on the nature of the sample matrix required precision, accuracy, and detection limit cost of analysis and turnaround time of the method. Since tetrachloroethylene is metabolized in the human body to trichloroacetic acid (TCA), TCA may be quantified in blood and urine as an indirect measure of tetrachloroethylene exposure (Monster et al. 1983). It should be pointed out that the determination of TCA may not provide unambiguous proof of tetrachloroethylene exposure since it is also a metabolite of trichloroethylene. Trichloroethanol has also been thought to be a metabolite of tetrachloroethylene, identified following occupational exposure (Bimer et al. 1996 Ikeda et al. 1972 Monster et al. 1983). However, rather than being a metabolite of tetrachloroethylene, it is more likely that trichloroethanol is formed from trichloroethylene, which is often found as a contaminant of tetrachloroethylene (Skender et al. 1991). Methods for the determination of trichloroethylene and trichloroethanol are summarized in the Toxicological Profile for Trichloroethylene (ATSDR 1993). 

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