Tumors Acquired

D. Morvan, A. Demidem, J. Papon, M. De Latour and J. C. Madelmont, Melanoma tumors acquire a new phospholipid metabolism phenotype under cystemustine as revealed by high-resolution magic angle spinning proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of intact tumor samples, Cancer Res., 2002, 62, 1890-1897. 

Over the course of Gliadel therapy, many brain tumors acquire resistance through the expression of AGT, a DNA... 

AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) is the final stage of disease caused by infection with HIV. In this stage, the vims infection has severely affected the immune system, causing a depletion of CD4+ T-helper cells. AIDS is characterized by the manifestation of typical diseases caused by opportunistic infections (Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, CMV retinitis, candidiasis of the esophagus, cerebral toxoplasmosis), neurological manifestations, cachexia, or certain tumors (Kaposi sarcoma of the skin, B-cell lymphoma). 

Cancers are tumors that have acquired the ability to invade and disrupt surrounding normal tissues. Such lesions can arise in any tissue of the human body, and so cancers represent a heterogeneous group of diseases that have certain biological features in common. 

Some authors use the term mutation as a synonym for genetic polymorphism. However, it is recommended to reserve the term mutation for genetic variations acquired within the life span of an organism such as those mutations acquired in tumor tissues during multi-step carcinogenesis. 

Seizure disorders are generally categorized as idiopathic or acquired. Idiopathic seizures have no known cause acquired seizure disorders have a known cause, including high fever, electrolyte imbalances, uremia, hypoglycemia, hypoxia, brain tumors, and some drug withdrawal reactions. Once the cause is removed (if it can be removed), the seizures theoretically cease. 

Donahue KM, Krouwer HG, Rand SD, Pathak AP, Marszalkowski CS, Censky SC, Pros RW. Utility of simultaneously acquired gradient-echo and spin-echo cerebral blood volume and morphology maps in brain tumor patients. Magn Reson Med 2000 43 845-853. 

Alcantara CS, Yang CH, Steiner TS, Barrett LJ, Lima AAM, Chappell CL, Okhuysen PC, White AC, Guerrant RL Interleukin-8, tumor necrosis factor-a and lactoferrin in immunocompetent hosts with experimental and Brazilian children with acquired cryptosporidiosis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2003 68 325-328. 

Johnston SR, Lu B, Dowsett M, Liang X, Kaufmann M, Scott GK, Osborne CK, Benz CC (1997) Comparison of estrogen receptor DNA binding in untreated and acquired antiestrogen-resistant human breast tumors. Cancer Res 57 3723-3727... 

Osborne CK, Coronado E, Allred DC, Wiebe V, DeGregorio M (1991) Acquired tamoxifen resistance correlation with reduced breast tumor levels of tamoxifen and isomerization of trans-4-hydroxytamoxifen. J Natl Cancer Inst 83 1477-1482... 

Although the second generation of platinum drugs is less toxic than cisplatin, many appear to be cross-resistant with cisplatin. Requirements which are influencing the search for new generations of active complexes include (1) lower toxicity to normal cells than cisplatin, (2) activity against tumors with acquired cisplatin resistance, (3) activity against a wider spectrum of types of cancer, and (4) oral activity. 

Cyclopamine also interferes with cholesterol metabolism that results in decreased cholesterol synthesis and the accumulation of late biosynthetic intermediates. Cyclopamine was evaluated as an inhibitor of multi-drug resistance in tumor cells. Intrinsic or acquired resistance of tumor cells to cytotoxic drugs is a major cause of failure of chemotherapy. Both cyclopamine and the spirosolane alkaloid tomatidine from tomatoes act as potent and elfective chemosensitizers in multidrug-resistant cells (Lavie et ah, 2001). Therefore, plant steroidal alkaloids, such as cyclopamine and tomatidine, or their analogs, may serve as chemosensitizers in combination with chemotherapy and conventional cytotoxic drugs for treating multidrug-resistant cancers. 

Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (congenital or acquired) Idiopathic gonadotropin or luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) deficiency or pituitary-hypothalamic injury from tumors, trauma, or radiation. 

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