Hypoxia, tumor

Hypoxia develops in solid tumors as cancer cells grow away from blood vessels. Moreover, because of the anarchic tumor vasculature and impaired vascular communication, oxygen distribution in tumors is highly heterogeneous [102]. Hypoxia is 

Only a few reports on hypoxia-activated nanocarriers have been published. Nitroimidazole and its derivatives form a large class of hypoxia-responsive imits used for the design of oxygenation probes and hypoxia-responsive polymers [103,106]. These groups are activated after a two-step reduction under hypoxia by the nitroreductases overexpressed by tumor cells (both intracellularly and secreted) [107]. Whereas the first step is reversed by molecular oxygen in healthy tissues, stabilization of the reduced intermediate under hypoxia allows further reduction and cleavage [103,107-109]. 

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Airley R, Loncaster J, Davidson S et al (2001) Glucose transporter glut-1 expression correlates with tumor hypoxia and predicts metastasis-free survival in advanced carcinoma of the cervix. Clin Cancer Res 7 928-934... 

The equally intriguing phenomenon of tumor hypoxia has been documented to occur in a number of tumor types including cancers of the uterine cervix (12,13), head and... 

Hockel M, Vaupel P. Tumor hypoxia definitions and current clinical, biologic, and molecular aspects. J Natl Cancer Inst 2001 Feb 21 93(4) 266-276. 

Sutherland RM. Tumor hypoxia and gene expression—implications for malignant progression and therapy. Acta Oncol 1998 37(6) 567-574. 

Molecular imaging of proliferation with 3 -deoxy-3 -C F]-fluorothymidine PET/CT studies of tumor hypoxia... 

Methods to assess tumor hypoxia can be classified as in vivo (invasive—polar-ographic measurements/non-invasive—imaging) and ex vivo (invasive—biopsy)... 

PET and PET/CT therefore enable to assess regional tumor hypoxia and associated tumor heterogeneity. Less spatial heterogeneity in hypoxia might represent a more localized process. The former is more likely to be accessible by a... 

D.M. Brizel, G.S. Sibley, L.R. Prosnitz, R.L. Scher, M.W. Dewhirst, Tumor hypoxia adversely affects the prognosis of carcinoma of the head and neck, Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 38(2) (1997) 285-289. 

F. Dehdashti, M.A. Mintun, J.S. Lewis, J. Bradley, R. Govindan, R. Laforest, M. J. Welch, B.A. Siegel, In vivo assessment of tumor hypoxia in lung cancer with 60CU-ATSM, Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging 30(6) (2003) 844-850. 

M. Souvatzoglou, A.L. Grosu, B. Roper, B.J. Krause, R. Beck, G. Reischl, M. Picchio, H.J. Machulla, H.J. Wester, M. Piert, Tumor hypoxia imaging with [18F] FAZAPET in head and neck cancer patients A pilot study, Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging 34(10) (2007) 1566-1575. 

A.S.E. Ljungkvist, J. Bussink, P.F.J.W. Rijken, J.A. Raleigh, J. Denekamp, A.J. Van Der Kogel, Changes in tumor hypoxia measured with a double hypoxic marker technique, Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 48 (2000) 1529-1538. 

F. Dehdashti, P.W. Grigsby, M.A. Mintun, J.S. Lewis, B.A. Siegel, M.J. Welch, Assessing tumor hypoxia in cervical cancer by positron emission tomography with eOCu-ATSM Relationship to therapeutic response-a preliminary report, Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 55 (2003) 1233-1238. 

B.M. Seddon, G.S. Payne, L. Simmons, R. Ruddle, R. Grimshaw, S. Tan, A. Turner, F. Raynaud, G. Flalbert, M.O. Leach, I. Judson, P. Workman, A phase I study of SR-4554 via intravenous administration for noninvasive investigation of tumor hypoxia by magnetic resonance spectroscopy in patients with malignancy, Clin. Cancer Res. 

Most solid tumors develop regions of low oxygen tension because of an imbalance in oxygen supply and consumption. Clinical and experimental evidence suggests that tumor hypoxia is associated with a more aggressive phenotype (Hockel and Vaupel 2001 Vaupel 2008). Hypoxic tumor cells are resistant to conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy. It is therefore rational to target the hypoxic regions of tumors or disrupt events initiated by hypoxia (Melillo 2004). 

Tumor hypoxia and bioreductive activation of anticancer prodrugs... 

Tumor Hypoxia and Bioreductive Activation of Anticancer Prodrugs... 

Hockel, M., and Vaupel, R (2001). Biological consequences of tumor hypoxia. Semin Oncol 28 (2 Suppl 8), 36 1. 

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