Heterogeneity spatial

Disturbances that increase water scarcity promote the physical uniformity of river systems and the decrease of biological diversity in streams and rivers. The structure and functioning of heavily impacted river systems become mutually and strikingly similar, irrespective of the river s origin and the climate. The more intense and persistent the disturbance, the greater is the resemblance. On the other hand, river organisms use resources most efficiently in spatially heterogeneous chaimels, and under moderate disturbance frequencies, rather than in steady conditions, to which they are not adapted. 

Secondly, these quotations emphasize the fact that the same river input that fuels longitudinal heterogeneity in reservoirs also forms a strong link between the reservoir and its watershed (e.g., [6]). This link has been conceptualized mostly in the form of load-response empirical models [7, 8], or mass-balance approaches [9]. Curiously, empirical modelers usually consider reservoirs as stirred reactors, ignoring the longitudinal spatial heterogeneity present in most situations and processes. 

Williford, D.J., Sharma, V.K., Korth, M. and Sheu, S, S. (1990). Spatial heterogeneity of intracellular Ca concentration in nonbeating guinea pig ventricular myocytes. Circ. Res. 66, 234-241. 

Spatially heterogenous distributions of crop protection products, within and among test sites, will result from well controlled applications. The soil CEF concentrations ranged from a high of 2.3 qgg at one station on site 1 Day 0 to none detected in 10 samples from various stations several days post-application. The measured mean soil CEF concentrations were between 0.2 and 1.0qgg on Day 0. The theoretical CEF concentration immediately after application was calculated to be... 

Exploring Spatial Heterogeneity in Conversion Volume Selective Imaging... 

Digital Imaging Flnorescence Microscopy Spatial Heterogeneity of Photobleaching Rate Constants in Individual Cells, T. Cell. Biol.. 1985, 100, 1309-1322,... 

Benson, D., Bryan, J., Plant, A., Gotta, A. J. and Smith, L. (1985). Digital imaging fluorescence microscopy Spatial heterogeneity of photobleaching rate constants in individual cells. J. Cell Biol. 100, 1309-23. 

Munn, M.D. and T.M. Short. 1997. Spatial heterogeneity of mercury bioaccumulation by walleye in Franklin D. Roosevelt Lake and the upper Columbia River, Washington. Trans. Amer. Fish. Soc. 126 477-487. 

B, 109,15068 (2005). Spatially Heterogeneous Dynamics and the Adam-Gibbs Relation in the Dzugutov Liquid. 

Chapter 4 deals with the local dynamics of polymer melts and the glass transition. NSE results on the self- and the pair correlation function relating to the primary and secondary relaxation will be discussed. We will show that the macroscopic flow manifests itself on the nearest neighbour scale and relate the secondary relaxations to intrachain dynamics. The question of the spatial heterogeneity of the a-process will be another important issue. NSE observations demonstrate a subhnear diffusion regime underlying the atomic motions during the structural a-relaxation. 

The above experimental results largely relate to spectroscopic techniques, which do not give direct information about the spatial scale of the molecular motions. The size of the spatial heterogeneities is estimated by indirect methods such as sensitivity of the dynamics to the probe size or from the differences between translational and rotational diffusion coefficients (rotation-translation paradox). It might be expected that the additional spatial information provided by neutron scattering could help to discriminate between the two scenarios proposed. 

Brown LE, Hannah DM (2008) Spatial heterogeneity of water temperature across an alpine basin. Hydrological Processes 22 954... 

Monn C Exposure assessment of air pollutants A review on spatial heterogeneity and indoor/outdoor/personal exposure to suspended particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ozone. Atmos Environ 35 1, 2001... 

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