Truthfulness

Fuzzy sets and fuzzy logic. Fuzzy sets differ from the normal crisp sets in the fact that their elements have partial membership (represented by a value between 0 an 1) in the set. Fuzzy logic differs from the binary logic by the fact that the truth values are represented by fuzzy sets. 

To nnderstand the internal molecnlar motions, we have placed great store in classical mechanics to obtain a picture of the dynamics of the molecnle and to predict associated patterns that can be observed in quantum spectra. Of course, the classical picture is at best an imprecise image, becanse the molecnlar dynamics are intrinsically quantum mechanical. Nonetheless, the classical metaphor mnst surely possess a large kernel of truth. The classical stnichire brought out by the bifiircation analysis has accounted for real patterns seen in wavefimctions and also for patterns observed in spectra, snch as the existence of local mode doublets, and the... 

As a result of possible recrossings of the transition state, the classical RRKM lc(E) is an upper bound to the correct classical microcanonical rate constant. The transition state should serve as a bottleneck between reactants and products, and in variational RRKM theory [22] the position of the transition state along q is varied to minimize k E). This minimum k E) is expected to be the closest to the truth. The quantity actually minimized is N (E - E ) in equation (A3.12.15). so the operational equation in variational RRKM theory is... 

Conventional computers initially were not conceived to handle vague data. Human reasoning, however, uses vague information and uncertainty to come to a decision. In the mid-1960 this discrepancy led to the conception of fuzzy theory [14]. In fuzzy logic the strict scheme of Boolean logic, which has only two statements true and false), is extended to handle information about partial truth, i.e., truth values between "absolutely true" and absolutely false". It thus gives a mathematical representation of uncertainty and vagueness and provides a tool to treat them. 

Fuzzy logic extends the Boolean logic so as to handle information about truth values which are between absolutely true and "absolutely false . 

Now, contrary to popular opinions, this method need not be conducted in a sealed pipe bomb. Secondary amination by substitution is as much a reaction of opportunity as it is of brute force and heat. In fact, heating can tend to cause the reformation of safrole and isosafrole. So the simplest way to do this would be to use 500mL of ammonium hydroxide or alcoholic ammonia or, for those wishing to make MDMA or meth, 40% aqueous methylamine or alcoholic methylamine (to tell you the truth, methylamine is preferable in this method because it is more reactive that ammonia so yield will increase). This 500mL is placed in a flask and into it is poured a solution of 35g bromosafrole (30g phenylisopropyl-bromide) mixed with 50mL methanol. The flask is stoppered and stirred at room temperature for anywhere from 3 to 7 days. The chemist could also reflux the same mixture for 6-12 hours or she could throw the whole mix into a sealed pipe bomb (see How to Make section) and cook it for 5 hours in a 120-130°C oil bath. 

Yeesh That was what Strike wrote last year. And the sad truth is that it did not work The reason why is the way Strike proposed getting anhydrous mercuric nitrate. The baking of commercially available mercuric nitrate monohydrate was actually destroying most of the compound. Aside of that this recipe works It really does. 

Let us learn to dream then perhaps we shall find the truth But let us beware of publishing... 

The precision of a result is its reproducibility the accuracy is its nearness to the truth. A systematic error causes a loss of accuracy, and it may or may not impair the precision depending upon whether the error is constant or variable. Random errors cause a lowering of reproducibility, but by making sufficient observations it is possible to overcome the scatter within limits so that the accuracy may not necessarily be affected. Statistical treatment can properly be applied only to random errors. 

Finally, pollutiou-preveutiou measures can provide a company with the opportunity of looking their neighbors in the eye and truthfully saying that all that can reasonably Be done to prevent pollution is being done. In effect, the company is doing right by the environment. Is there an economic advantage to this It is not only a difficult question to answer quantitatively but also a difficult one to answer quahta-tively. The reader is left to ponder the answer to this question. 

Operations The QRA team will need specific data on how the system is actually operated. For example, are the bypass valves normally left open to increase throughput, what happens when the high level alarm sounds, or do operators bypass interlocks to continue production Human actions/errors are usually dominant contributors to the real-world risks, and truthful data on actual process operations are vital to credible QRA results. Expect to commit one full-time equivalent for the life of the project. 

Of the three sources of probi. s, design, operation and maintei the i . really responsible for a small part. The truth is that the majority of - Tip begin with changes to design, and plant operations after the. .. commissioned. 

Probability in Bayesian inference is interpreted as the degree of belief in the truth of a statement. The belief must be predicated on whatever knowledge of the system we possess. That is, probability is always conditional, p(X l), where X is a hypothesis, a statement, the result of an experiment, etc., and I is any information we have on the system. Bayesian probability statements are constructed to be consistent with common sense. This can often be expressed in tenns of a fair bet. As an example, I might say that the probability that it will rain tomorrow is 75%. This can be expressed as a bet I will bet 3 that it will rain tomorrow, if you give me 4 if it does and nothing if it does not. (If I bet 3 on 4 such days, I have spent 12 I expect to win back 4 on 3 of those days, or 12). 

Because the datay are random, the statistics based on y, S(y), are also random. For all possible data y (usually simulated) that can be predicted from H, calculate p(S(ysim) H), the probability distribution of the statistic S on simulated data y ii given the truth of the hypothesis H. If H is the statement that 6 = 0, then y i might be generated by averaging samples of size N (a characteristic of the actual data) with variance G- = G- (yacmai) (yet another characteristic of the data). 

The view has also existed in the past that the carbon-silicon bond should be similar in behaviour to the carbon-carbon bond and would have a similar average bond energy. There is some measure of truth in the assumption about average bond energy but because silicon is more electropositive than carbon the C—Si bond will be polar and its properties will be very dependent on the nature of groups attached to the carbon and silicon groups. For example, the CH3—Si group is particularly resistant to oxidation but H13—Si is not. 

An apparently universal truth is that intimate contact between adhesive and adherend is a necessary (but not sufficient) requirement for good adhesion. 

Figure 2.5-2 depicts the force of mortality as a bathtub curve for the life-death history of a component without repair. The reasons for the near universal use of the constant X exponential distribution (which only applies to the mid-life region) are mathematical convenience, inherent truth (equation 2.5-19), the use of repair to keep components out of the wearout region, startup testing to eliminate infant mortality, and detailed data to support a time-dependent X. 

The act of establishing the truth or correctness of a fact, theory, statement, or condition. 

Wheland and Pauling (1959) tried to explain the inductive effect in terms of ar-electron theory by varying the ax and ySxY parameters for nearest-neighbour atoms, then for next-nearest-neighbour atoms and so on. But, as many authors have also pointed out, it is always easy to introduce yet more parameters into a simple model, obtain agreement with an experimental finding and then claim that the model represents some kind of absolute truth. 

Medicinal chemistry, like truth, defies ready definition. The iracticing organic chemist as a rule knows operationally what is, ir more often what is not, medicinal chemistry. He would be 1,-ird pressed, however, to set down on paper a rigorous defini-ion of that discipline. 

These conceptions fit in very well with the facts and are probably not far from the truth. 

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