Tropsch, Hans

Director Coal-Research Institute at Muehlheim (1914—1943) Invention of gasoline synthesis (at normal pressure) together with Hans Tropsch in 1925... 

Fischer-Tropsch (FT) synthesis is a catalysed chemical reaction in which carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen (H2) are converted into liquid hydrocarbons of various forms. Typical catalysts used are based on iron (Fe) and cobalt (Co). The production of liquid hydrocarbons using FT synthesis is a well known process. It was invented by Franz Fischer and Hans Tropsch in the 1920s in Germany. It follows the reaction ... 

The first step toward making liquid fuels from coal involves the manufacture of synthesis gas (CO and H ) from coal. In 1925, Franz Fischer and Hans Tropsch developed a catalyst that converted CO and at 1 atm and 250 to 300°C into liquid hydrocarbons. By 1941, Fischer-Tropsch plants produced 740 000 tons of petroleum products per year in Germany (Dry, 1999). Fischer-Tropsch technology is based on a complex series of reactions that use to reduce CO to CH groups linked to form long-chain hydrocarbons (Schulz, 1999) ... 

The FTS was established in 1923 by German scientists Franz Fischer and Hans Tropsch. The main aim of FTS is the synthesis of long-chain hydrocarbons from CO and Hj gas mixture. The FTS is described by the set of equations (Schulz, 1999) ... 

The sustained elevated price of crude oil seen in 2005 has led to increased interest in synthetic fuels. Synthetic fuels have been produced for more than 80 years through processes known as Fischer-Tropsch chemistry. Carbon monoxide is a basic feedstock in these processes. Franz Fischer (1852-1932) and Hans Tropsch (1889-1935) produced liquid hydrocarbons in the 1920s by reacting carbon monoxide (produced from natural gas) with hydrogen using metal catalysts such as iron and cobalt. Germany and Japan produced synthetic fuels during World War II. Low crude oil prices dictated little interest in synthetic fuels after the war,... 

Historical Development and Future Perspectives The Fischer-Tropsch process dates back to the early 1920s when Franz Fischer and Hans Tropsch demonstrated the conversion of synthesis gas into a mixture of higher hydrocarbons, with cobalt and iron as a catalyst [35, 36], Some 20 years earlier, Sabatier had already discovered the reaction from synthesis gas to methane catalyzed by nickel [37]. The FTS played an important role in the Second World War, as it supplied Germany and Japan with synthetic fuel. The plants used mainly cobalt catalysts supported on a silica support called kieselguhr and promoted by magnesia and thoria. 

Fischer-Tropsch. The process most frequently considered for indirect coal liquefaction is the Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) synthesis, developed in 1925 by German chemists Franz Fischer and Hans Tropsch. In the F-T process, synthesis gas is reacted over a catalyst, typically iron or cobalt based, at 1-30 atm and 200-350°C to produce a wide range of mainly aliphatic hydrocarbons, including gas, LPG, gasoline, jet fuel, diesel oil, middle distillates, heavy oil, and waxes. Germany used this technology during World War II to produce nearly 15,000 barrels/day of military fuels. 

Indirect liquefaction processes were developed in Germany around the same time as direct liquefaction processes. In the early 1920s, Franz Fischer and Hans Tropsch patented a process to produce a mixture of alcohols, aldehydes, fatty acids, and... 

From 1923 onward Franz Fischer and Hans Tropsch (6) developed the process defined above, operating at 10-20 bars and using iron and cobalt as the decisive catalyst ingredients. In 1938 Pichler (7) proved that with ruthenium as the catalyst synthesis gas can be converted at 10 bars to a waxy material, which was later identified as linear polymethylene, indistinguishable from Ziegler polyethylene. 

In 1923 two German scientists, Franz Fischer (1877-1947) and Hans Tropsch (1889-1935) developed a process whereby coke exposed to steam in the presence of catalysts forms a variety of organic compounds (hydrocarbons, aldehydes, ketones, alcohols) depending upon the catalyst and other specific conditions. Around this time, Alwin Mittasch (1869-1953), who developed the catalyst for the Haber-Bosch Process (chapter 1), introduced a related reaction in which carbon monoxide and hydrogen are combined in the presence of chromium oxide and zinc oxide (and similar combinations) to form methanol. The Fischer-Tropsch process played an important role in the synthesis of fuels... 

Catalytic cracking research at UOP began in the early 1930 8 under the supervision of Dr. Hans Tropsch (of the Fischer-Tropsch Process) with the research work being done by Dr. Julian M. Mavity. The thrust of the research was to develop a catalyst that could be produced from an economical natural clay or mineral. 

Franz Fischer and Hans Tropsch, German Patent 484,337 (22 July 1925) Fischer and Tropsch publications (ref 9) Fischer, The synthesis of petroleum, International Conference on Bituminous Coal, Proceedings (Pittsburgh, 1926) 234-246 Storch, Golumbic, and Anderson, Fischer-Tropsch (ref. 9 116-117. 

Frans Fischer (1877-1947) and Hans Tropsch (1889-1935) discovered the reaction that carries their names around 1923 at the Kaiser Wilhelm Coal Research Institute in Miilheim, Germany. This process converts synthesis gas, a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide, into a complex set of hydrocarbons that can be refined using petroleum processing technology. 

The ultimate impact of FT technology is yet to be determined. Coal-to-Uqnid (CTL) processes are based on a technology that was developed in the early 1920s by (jerman scientists Franz Fischer and Hans Tropsch. The FT process has been used since 1955 for CTL in South Africa where a government-sponsored plant was built by the South African Synthetic Oil Ltd corporation, now known as Sasol. Currently, the U.S. Department of Energy through the National Energy... 

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