Tritium atoms, reactions

Physico-chemical studies of hot tritium atom reactions. 842... 

In terms of nonequilibrium interaction conditions the lack of the intramolecular deuterium isotope effect in the hot tritium atoms reaction with partial deuteriated methane, implies that the greater chance of encounter between fast moving... 

Hot atom reactions have also been used to label organic compounds with T. Irradiation of helium-3 with neutrons according to the nuclear reaction produces very energetic tritium atoms that can displace ordinary hydrogen in organic compounds. This procedure is not very selective, and the labeling pattern must be determined to enable the tritiated product to be used effectively as a tracer (34). 

However, Speranza s group (Angelini et al., 1980, 1982) successfully investigated the reaction products from the radiochemical decay of tritiated benzenes, which follows Scheme 8-14 in the case of benzene containing one tritium atom in place of protium (8.18). These authors found the expected reaction products of the aryl... 

Electronically excited states of organic molecules, acid-base properties of, 12,131 Energetic tritium and carbon atoms, reactions of, with organic compounds, 2, 201 Enolisation of simple carbonyl compounds and related reactions, 18,1 Entropies of activation and mechanisms of reactions in solution, 1,1 Enzymatic catalysis, physical organic model systems and the problem of, 11, 1 Enzyme action, catalysis of micelles, membranes and other aqueous aggregates as models of, 17. 435... 

Tritium atoms, energetic reactions with organic compounds, 2,201... 

Two important classes of reactions use labelled tin compounds to prepare labelled compounds for mechanistic and analytical purposes. In the first type of reaction, labelled trialkyl- or triaryl tin hydrides (stannanes) are used to reduce (replace) several different groups such as halogen, —N02, —N=C, —N=C=Se, —COOR, —SR or an acetal group with a deuterium or a tritium atom. 

Electronically excited states of organic molecules, acid-base properties of, 12, 131 Energetic tritium and carbon atoms, reactions of, with organic compounds, 2, 201... 

The conductivity changes accompanying and following the polymerisation of five portions of norbornadiene added to an aluminium bromide solution at -63 °C are shown in Figure 6 (Experiment No. R4). The polymer, which was precipitated during the reaction, was subsequently found to be insoluble and therefore presumably crosslinked. Since this polymer was, therefore, unsuitable for radiochemical assay, another experiment (RIO) was done with norbornadiene in a mixture of methyl and ethyl bromide at -125 °C to prevent cross-linking. The polymer was soluble and the number of tritium atoms per molecule of polymer was much greater than for polyisobutylene. 

As for any other organic molecules containing CH bonds, heteroaromatics can be labeled with tritium by reaction with energetic tritium atoms from neutron irradiation. 

A potential major source of energy for the mid- to late-21st century is nuclear fusion. In todays experimental fusion reactors, deuterium and tritium atoms (both isotopes of hydrogen) fuse to create helium and fast-flying neutrons. The neutrons escape from the reaction chamber, carrying with them vast amounts of kinetic energy. 

It is important to note that these equations are based on the Swain-Schaad relationship, which assumes that there is no tunnelling in any of the isotopic reactions (the KIEs are semiclassical) and that the relationship between the KIEs is determined only by the masses of the hydrogen, deuterium and tritium atoms. The secondary and kfyko KIEs calculated both with and... 

When applied to hydrogen exchange reactions in benzene derivatives containing a deuterium or tritium atom in the ith position, the relationship becomes simplified and assumes the form... 

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