Tritium atoms

Deuterium is used as a moderator to slow down neutrons. Tritium atoms are also present but in much smaller proportions. Tritium is readily produced in nuclear reactors and is used in the production of the hydrogen (fusion) bomb. It is also used as a radioactive agent in making luminous paints, and as a tracer. 

The italicized symbols d- (for deuterium) and t- (for tritium) are placed after the formula and connected to it by a hyphen. The number of deuterium or tritium atoms is indicated by a subscript to the symbol. 

Hot atom reactions have also been used to label organic compounds with T. Irradiation of helium-3 with neutrons according to the nuclear reaction produces very energetic tritium atoms that can displace ordinary hydrogen in organic compounds. This procedure is not very selective, and the labeling pattern must be determined to enable the tritiated product to be used effectively as a tracer (34). 

How many tritium atoms are incorporated into acetate if a molecule of palmitic acid is oxidized in 100% tritiated water ... 

However, Speranza s group (Angelini et al., 1980, 1982) successfully investigated the reaction products from the radiochemical decay of tritiated benzenes, which follows Scheme 8-14 in the case of benzene containing one tritium atom in place of protium (8.18). These authors found the expected reaction products of the aryl... 

A tritium atom takes precedence over deuterium, which in turn takes precedence over ordinary hydrogen. Similarly, any higher isotope (such as... 

For most chemical purposes, deuterium and tritium atoms in a molecule behave in much the same way that ordinary hydrogen atoms behave. 

The extra mass and additional neutrons of a deuterium or tritium atom make its position in a molecule easy to locate. 

The extra mass associated with these labeled atoms may cause compounds containing deuterium or tritium atoms to react more slowly than compounds with ordinary hydrogen atoms. 

Introduction of deuterium or tritium atom into a specific location in a molecule ... 

Tritium atoms, energetic reactions with organic compounds, 2,201... 

Two important classes of reactions use labelled tin compounds to prepare labelled compounds for mechanistic and analytical purposes. In the first type of reaction, labelled trialkyl- or triaryl tin hydrides (stannanes) are used to reduce (replace) several different groups such as halogen, —N02, —N=C, —N=C=Se, —COOR, —SR or an acetal group with a deuterium or a tritium atom. 

A representative selection of the polymerisations described above were terminated with tritiated water, and one of them with 14C-labelled 2-propanol, and the polymers were worked up and assayed as described in the Experimental Part the number of tritium atoms per polymer molecule is shown in Table 1. 

The polymers from Experiments R8, R15 and R9 contained ca. 1 tritium atom, and therefore originally 1 aluminium-carbon bond, per molecule. For those experiments in which the polymer remained in solution, the final value of the conductivity suggested a minimum of 1 mol of ions for 1 mol of polymer. When aluminium chloride was used as initiator, the results obtained resembled closely those obtained with the bromide. 

The conductivity changes accompanying and following the polymerisation of five portions of norbornadiene added to an aluminium bromide solution at -63 °C are shown in Figure 6 (Experiment No. R4). The polymer, which was precipitated during the reaction, was subsequently found to be insoluble and therefore presumably crosslinked. Since this polymer was, therefore, unsuitable for radiochemical assay, another experiment (RIO) was done with norbornadiene in a mixture of methyl and ethyl bromide at -125 °C to prevent cross-linking. The polymer was soluble and the number of tritium atoms per molecule of polymer was much greater than for polyisobutylene. 

The most unexpected features of our results are the slow increase of conductivity after the polymerisations of isobutylene to a definite, stable maximum and the finding of approximately one tritium atom, i.e., one C-Al bond, per polymer molecule. These observations are puzzling because at first thought it appears that only those polymer molecules which had been started by initiation (and not those started by proton transfer)... 

Electron Affinity of Hydrogen, Deuterium, and Tritium Atoms Obtained with 300 Explicitly Correlated Gaussian Functions ... 

A sample of river water was found to contain 8 x lON tritium atoms, i per atoms of ordinary... 

The presence of a hydrogen, or of course a deuterium or tritium atom, on or near a line joining two other atoms. According to this definition, the so-called bifurcated hydrogen bond, will be excluded and treated as an example simply of dipole attraction. 

As for any other organic molecules containing CH bonds, heteroaromatics can be labeled with tritium by reaction with energetic tritium atoms from neutron irradiation. 

A potential major source of energy for the mid- to late-21st century is nuclear fusion. In todays experimental fusion reactors, deuterium and tritium atoms (both isotopes of hydrogen) fuse to create helium and fast-flying neutrons. The neutrons escape from the reaction chamber, carrying with them vast amounts of kinetic energy. 

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