Triphosphopyridine nucleotide, reduced

Curnutte, J. T. (1985). Activation of human neutrophil nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, reduced (triphosphopyridine nucleotide, reduced) oxidase by arachidonic acid in a cell-free system. J. Clin. Invest. 75, 1740-3. 

SC Secretory component TPNH Triphosphopyridine nucleotide (reduced)... 

In accordance with the recommendations of the commission on enzymes of the International Union of Biochemistry (see Nature 188, 464-466, I960 Science 182, 1548-1550, 1960 and Report of the Commission on Enzymes of the International Union of Biochemistry 1961, I.U.B. Symposium Series, Vol. 20, Pergamon Press, London) nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide (NAD) has been substituted fordiphosphopyridine nucleotide (DPN) nicotinamide-adenine dinuoleotide, reduced form (NADHj), for diphosphopyridiiie nucleotide, reduced form (DPNH) nicotinamide-adenine diuu-cleotide phosphate (NADP), for triphosphopyridine nucleotide (TPN) and nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate, reduced form (NADPH2), for triphosphopyridine nucleotide, reduced form (TPNH). 

Although the first purification of bNOS was a monomer, it is now clear that the enzyme in all cases is effective as a dimer. A purified macrophage iNOS was used by Baek and coworkers98 to separate the holoenzyme from the monomers. The subunits do not have NOS activity but do have the ability to oxidize reduced triphosphopyridine nucleotide with either ferricyanide, cytochrome c or dichlorophenolindophenol. When all of the missing factors are present, but not when any is missing, the authors find recombination, as shown in Figure 13. 

The anomeric specificities of a number of glycolytic enzymes have been determined by using the reduced triphosphopyridine nucleotide (TPN)-coupled rate of oxidation with glucose-6- phosphate dehydrogenase, or by the enzyme glucose oxidase, which is also specific for the /3-anomer (106). 

Langan, T. Changes in the fluorescence spectrum of reduced triphosphopyridine nucleotide on binding to isocitric dehydrogenase. Acta Chem. Scand., 14 936-938, 1970. 

The reduction of 5-dehydroshikimate to shikimate by partially purified 6-dehydroshikimate reductase has also been studied. A cofactor requirement for reduced triphosphopyridine nucleotide (TPNH) was observed, and the equilibrium constant, at neutral pH, for the reaction... 

Although a cell-free system capable of degrading the phenylureas has not yet been reported, an enzyme system from rat liver microsomes has been isolated which requires reduced triphosphopyridine nucleotide... 

Masters, B. S., Bilimoria, M. H., Kamin, H., and Gibson, Q. H., 1991, The mechanism of 1- and 2-electron transfers catalyzed by reduced triphosphopyridine nucleotide-cytochrome c reductase. Nature 351 714n718. 

Animal studies show that the barbiturates are metabolized in the liver, more especially in the smooth surfaced, lightest density microsomes. The enzyme systems involved require both reduced triphosphopyridine nucleotide and oxygen (14). The kidneys also metabolize certain other barbiturates, enzymetrically to a limited extent, but their role in this respect is far less than the liver. The brain, muscle, and other tissues may also to a very limited extent metabolize these agents. 

Correia, M.A. and G.J. Mannering (1973). Reduced diphosphopyridine nucleotide synergism of the reduced triphosphopyridine nucleotide-dependent mixed-function oxidase system of... 

TPN and TPNH = triphosphopyridine nucleotide and its reduced form, respectively. 

Among the spectra of coenzymes given by Rosenkrantz were glutathione (reduced and oxidized), diphosphopyridine nucleotide (DPN or NAD ) and its reduced form (Na salt), triphosphopyridine nucleotide and its reduced form (Na salt), flavin mononucleotide, flavin adenine dinucleotide, oxidized cytochrome c (containing some of the reduced form), and thiamine pyrophosphate. 

Until recently little information was available concerning the mechanism of long-chain fatty acid synthesis in adipose tissue. Martin et al. (1961) have isolated and partially purified a soluble enzyme system from rat epi-didymal adipose tissue that synthesizes long-chain fatty acids. When acetyl CoA, malonyl CoA, and reduced triphosphopyridine nucleotide are used as substrates, the major product of the reaction is palmitic acid. 

Halkerston IDK, Eickhorn J, Hechter O (1961) A requirement for reduced triphosphopyridine nucleotide for cholesterol side-chain cleavage by mitochondrial fractions of bovine adrenal cortex. J Biol Chem 236 374... 

Oxidative enzymes (a-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase, succinic dehydrogenase, and reduced diphospho- and triphosphopyridine nucleotide dia-phorases) gave a very intense nitroblue tetrazolium (formula [18]) reaction in the matrix of the posterior lobe from mature female Sprague-Dawley rats (Fand and Wattenberg 1963). 

It consists of the constituent mononucleotides, adenosine-5 -phosphate and nicotinamide mononucleotide, linked by a pyrophosphate bond. Splitting at the nicotinamide-ribose linkage yields nicotinamide and adenosine diphosphate ribose. This reaction is catalyzed by an enzyme from animal tissues and from Neurospora crassaJ The Neurospora enzyme appears in high concentration when the cells are grown on a zinc-deficient medium it has been purified from such material. The animal enzyme occurs in particles and has thus far not been solubilized. Both preparations are active with triphosphopyridine nucleotide (TPN), but reduced DPN is not split. 

The enzymic hydroxylation of kynurenine has been reported by several groups of workers (62,63). The enzyme is present in rat liver mitochondria and can be solubilized by sonic oscillation or digitonin treatment (63a). Reduced triphosphopyridine nucleotide (TPNH) is cifically required for the hydroxylation and there is a stoichiometric relationship between the TPNH oxidized and the hydro kynureiiine formed (62). Molecularo gen is also required for the hydroxylation, as indicated by 0 studies ( ). The... 

The cofactor requirement of lljS-hydroxylase was clarified by the discovery that reduced triphosphopyridine nucleotide (TPNH) is essential and specific and that the role of citric acid cycle components and the other cofactors in the system appears to be that of supplying endogenously formed TPNH (288,723) by the sequence of reactions shown in equations (98) to (100). TPNH is oxidized in the absence... 

Tripho hopyridine nucleotide Reduced triphosphopyridine nucleotide Thiamine pyrophosphate Thyrotropic hormone Triphenyl tetrazolium chloride Uridine diphosphate Uridine diphosphate galactose Uridine diphosphate glucose Uridine monophosphate Uridine triphosphate... 

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