2,4,6-trinitrotoluene bioremediation

Funk SB, DL Crawford, RL Crawford, G Mead, W Davis-Hoover (1995) Full-scale anaearobic bioremediation of trinitrotoluene TNT contaminated soil. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 51/52 625-633. 

Boopathy, R. and Manning, J., A laboratory study of the bioremediation of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene-contaminated soil using aerobic anaerobic soil slurry reactor, Water Environ. Res., 70, 80-86, 1998. 

This includes bioremediation cases of contaminated sites with several toxic and carcinogenic pollutants, such as petroleum hydrocarbons, PAHs, dichlorobenzene, chlorinated hydrocarbons, carbon tetrachloride, Dicamba, methyl bromide, trinitrotoluene, silicon-based organic compounds, dioxins, alkyl-phenol polyethoxylates, nonylphenol ethoxylates, and polychlorinated biphenyls. The following is a brief summary of each case. 

Funk, S. B., Crawford, D.L., Crawford, R.L, Mead, G. Davis-Hoover, W. (1995). Full-scale anaerobic bioremediation of trinitrotoluene (TNT) contaminated soil. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 51/52, 625-33-... 

Anaerobic Microflora Funk, Roberts, Cranford, and Crawford examined the bioremediation of soils contaminated with the munition compounds 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), hexahydro-l,3,5-trinitro-l,3,5-triazine, and octahydro-l,3,5,7-tetranitro-l,3,5,7-tetraacocine by a procedure that produced anaerobic conditions in the soils and promoted biodegradation of nitroaromatic contaminants. This procedure consisted of flooding the soils with 50 mM phosphate buffer, adding starch as a supplemental carbon substrate, and incubating under static conditions. Aerobic heterotrophs, present naturally in the soil or added as an inoculum, quickly removed the oxygen from the static cultures, creating anaerobic conditions. Removal of parent TNT molecules from the soil cultures by the strictly anaerobic microflora occurred within four days. 

WeiB M et al., Fate and stability of 14C-labeled 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene in contaminated soil following microbial bioremediation processes, Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 23, 2049, 2004. 

Rieger PG and Knackmuss HJ, Basic knowledge and perspectives on biodegradation of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene and related nitroaromatic compounds in contaminated soil, in Bioremediation of Nitroaromatic Compounds, Spain JC, Ed., Plenum Press, New York, 1995. 

Breitung J, Bruns-Nagel D, Steinbach K, Kaminski L, Gemsa D, von Low E (1996) Bioremediation of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene-contaminated soils by two different aerated compost systems. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 44 795-800 Brodkorb TS, Legge RL (1992) Enhanced biodegradation of phenanthrene in oil-tar-contaminated soils supplied with Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Appl Environ Microbiol 58 3117-3121... 

Stahl, J. D. and S. D. Aust. Concepts for the bioremediation of trinitrotoluene-contaminated wastes by the white rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium, p. 172-185. In Proceedings of the 9th Annual Conference on Hazardous Waste Remediation. Elseuier Scientific, Netherlands. 

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