Alcohols trihydric

Polyhydric alcohols are compounds containing two or more hydroxyl groups in the molecule. The two most important are ethylene glycol HOCHjCHjOH (a dihydric alcohol) and glycerol HOCHjCH(OH)CH. OH (a trihydric alcohol). Ethylene glycol may be obtained by the hydrolysis of ethylene dibromide or ethylene dichloride with dilute aqueous sodium hydroxide or sodium carbonate solution ... 

The most important polyhydric alcohols are shown in Figure 1. Each is a white soHd, ranging from the crystalline pentaerythritols to the waxy trimethylol alkyls. The trihydric alcohols are very soluble in water, as is ditrimethylol-propane. Pentaerythritol is moderately soluble and dipentaerythritol and tripen taerythritol are less soluble. Table 1 Hsts the physical properties of these alcohols. Pentaerythritol and trimethyl olpropane have no known toxic or irritating effects (1,2). Finely powdered pentaerythritol, however, may form explosive dust clouds at concentrations above 30 g/m in air. The minimum ignition temperature is 450°C (3). 

Glycerol, the simplest trihydric alcohol, forms esters, ethers, haUdes, amines, aldehydes, and such unsaturated compounds as acrolein (qv). As an alcohol, glycerol also has the abiUty to form salts such as sodium glyceroxide (see also Alcohols, polyhydric). 

Glycerol, a trihydric alcohol, is used to produce polyurethane foams and alkyd resins. It is also used in the manufacture of plasticizers. 

Trihydric alcohol (three hydroxyl groups) CH2OHCHOHCH2OH... 

Interaction is violent the mixture may ignite owing to oxidation of the trihydric alcohol, which is viscous and unable to dissipate the exotherm. 

A family of organic compounds obtained by removing one or more -H atoms from a paraffin and substituting the hydroxyl radical -OH. The best-known alcohols are ethyl alcohol (ethanol) and methyl alcohol (methanol). Glycerine is a trihydric alcohol. 

Fats are, chemically, triglycerides and can be regarded as the esters produced by the reaction of fatty acids with the trihydric alcohol... 

Glycerol is a colorless, odorless, viscous (syrupy), nontoxic and hygroscopic liquid with a very sweet taste its etymologic roots stem from the Greek glykys, sweet. Pure glycerol (1,2,3-propanetriol) is a trihydric alcohol with a specific gravity of 265 at 15 °C. Below 0 °C it solidifies to a white crystalline mass, which melts at... 

Fats and oils are esters of the trihydric alcohol glycerol with long-chain fatty acids. The descriptor fat or oil is applied according to whether the material is a solid or liquid at room temperature it has no chemical meaning. All three fatty acids in the ester may be the same, or they may be different. Common saturated fatty acids... 

OTC Bausch Lomb Computer Eye Drops, Fleet Liquid Glycerin Suppositories for Adults, Fleet Maximum-Strength Glycerin Suppositories, Fleet Glycerin Suppositories for Adults, Glyrol, Sani-Supp Chemical Class Trihydric alcohol... 

Pyrrolizidine alkaloids are usually composed of two moieties-the pyrrolizidine alcohol and a carboxylic (usually hydroxy) acid, which are combined by an ester linkage. The pyrrolizidine moieties may appear as monohydric (trachelanthamidine, 2), dihydric (platynecine, 3), or trihydric alcohols (rosmarinecine, 4). 

With nitromethane, a trihydric alcohol, trimethylolnitromethane, so called nitroisobutylglycerine, is formed ... 

They occur as glycerides, which are esters of the trihydric alcohol, 1,2,3-pro-panetriol (glycerol) ... 

The first two of these names are scientifically correct. The third is not correct but is used widely. The trihydric alcohol from which the nitric ester is derived is not an isobutylglycerin. In the abbreviated form of this name, the syllable, nib, stands for nitro-iso-butyl and is to be pronounced, not spelled out like TNT and PETN. 

The most important polyhydric alcohols (Fig. 1) are white solids, ranging from crystalline pentaerythritol to the waxy trimethylol alkyls. The trihydric alcohols are very soluble in water, as is ditrimethylol propane. Pentaerythritol is moderately soluble and dipentaerythritol anti-tripentaerythritol are less soluble. 

Simple trihydric alcohols contain three OH groups per molecule and an example is propan-1,2,3-triol or glycerol or glycerine (Figure 3.3). Its derivatives and compounds figure greatly in the structures of fats (lipids see Section 4.8). 

Fats are made from one molecule of the trihydric alcohols, namely glycerol attached to three long-chain carboxylic acids (called fatty acids ) of various types. This is a tri fatty acid ester of glycerol and is one of a class of compounds called fats or lipids (Figure 4.9). 

Fats are chemically triglycerides and can be regarded as the esters produced by the reaction of fatty acids with the trihydric alcohol glycerol. In practice, oils and fats are the product of biosynthesis. Some sugar confectionery contains oils or fats whereas other products, e.g. boiled sweets, are essentially fat-free. The traditional fat used in sugar confectionery is milk fat, either in the form of butter, cream, whole milk powder or condensed milk. Milk fat can only be altered by fractionating it. and while this is perfectly possible technically, there must be sufficient commercial and technical benefits to make it worthwhile. One problem with fractionation operations is that both the desirable and the undesirable fractions have to be used. 

Glycerine (sometimes called glycerin ) is the name of the commercial product consisting of glycerol and a small amount of water. Glycerol is actually trihydric alcohol C2H5(0H)3, which is more accurately named 1,2,3-propanetriol. Its chemical structure is shown in the formulas given below. 

Glycerol is a highly hygroscopic trihydric alcohol that appears to attract water of hydration into the intestine. It is also believed to have a direct mild irritant effect and may have some lubricating and softening actions. 

Like other esters, fats and oils (Section 27-14) can be hydrolyzed in strongly basic solution to produce salts of the acids and the trihydric alcohol glycerol. The resulting sodium salts of long-chain fatty acids are soaps. In Section 14-18 we described the cleansing action of soaps and detergents. 

A brief description of the properties of oils, fats, and waxes is necessary, not only for an understanding of the chemistry of the processes by which they are removed but also for an acquaintance with the composition of soaps which are the basic scouring agents or detergents. Fats are derived from the trihydric alcohol glycerol ... 

The simplest possible type of three-dimensional polymer is that formed by stepwise homopolymerization of a multifunctional monomer or by stepwise copolymerization of two monomers having the same functionality / and all functional groups possessing the same probability of reaction or extent of reaction p. [That is, for reactions between two monomers A/ and By having the same functionality (/ > 2), the monomers are to be present in equimolar amounts in order thatpA shaU equal pB-j An example of such stepwise homopolymerization is the etherification of pentaerythri-tol. An example of stepwise copolymerization of the above type would be the condensation of a trihydric alcohol with an equimolar proportion of a... 

Combustion reactions of monohydric, dihydric and trihydric alcohols are given below. 

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