Glycerol naming

Chemical bonding of the plasticizer onto the main chain hydroxyl groups of the PVA would be helpful to overcome the problems of compatibility. Thus, preferred are acetate esters of glycerol, namely glycerol mono- and di-acetate and mixtures thereof. Both glycerol mono- and di-acetate are subject to transesterification both within... 

Oxidation of different substrates. We found (Vorobjeva, 1959) that glycerol can be used as a sole carbon source by P. jensenii only under aerobic conditions. If fumarate was added to minimal medium, then glycerol fermentation proceeded under anaerobic conditions with fumarate acting as an electron acceptor. Propionibacteria can oxidize compounds more reduced than glycerol, namely, alkanes and long-chain primary alcohols (Table 3.1). Oxidation of hydrocarbons is suppressed by the inhibitors of cytochrome oxidases, NaNa (10 M) and KCN (10" M), respectively, by 88 and 96%, which is similar to the degree of inhibition observed for glucose oxidation by P. pentosaceum. 

Docusate Sodium. Aerosol OT, Colace, and Doxinate are trade names of docusate sodium [577-11-7] (dioctyl sodium sulfo succinate, sodium salt of l,4-bis(2-etliylhexyl)estet butanedioic). This white, wax-like, plastic sohd, with a characteristic odor suggestive of octyl alcohol, is usually available in the form of pellets. One gram of the sodium salt slowly dissolves in about 70 mL water. Docusate sodium is freely soluble in alcohol and glycerol, very... 

Mixtures of glycerol with other substances are often named as if they were derivatives of glycerol eg, boroglycetides (also called glyceryl borates) are mixtures of boric acid and glycerol. Derivatives, such as acetals, ketals, chlorohydrins, and ethers, can be prepared but are not made commercially, with the exception of polyglycerols. 

Fig. 1. Chemical stmcture of phosphatidylcholine (PC) (1) and other related phosphohpids. R C O represents fatty acid residues. The choline fragment may be replaced by other moieties such as ethanolamine (2) to give phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), inositol (3) to give phosphatidylinositol (PI), serine (4), or glycerol (5). IfH replaces choline, the compound is phosphatidic acid (6). The corresponding lUPAC-lUB names ate (1), l,2-diacyl-t -glyceto(3)phosphocholine (2), l,2-diacyl-t -glyceto(3)phosphoethanolamine (3), 1,2-diacyl-t -glyceto(3)phosphoinositol (4), 1,2-diacyl-t -glyceto(3)phospho-L-serine and (5), l,2-diacyl-t -glyceto(3)phospho(3)-t -glycetol.

Glycerol Esters. Commercial glycerol esters, though named after the most abundant species, almost always are mixtures of isomeric mono-and diglycerides (see Glycerol). Trade names and compositions of typical commercial products are given in Table 16. 

Federal name Common name Water Ethanol Glycerol Propylene glycol ... 

Example 2 glycerol-trinitrate is the correct chemical name for what is commonly known as nitroglycerine. ... 

The last group of substituted hydrocarbons produced by adding hydroxyl radicals to the hydrocarbon backbone are the compounds made when three hydroxyl radicals are substituted these are known as glycerols. The name of the simplest of this type of compound is just glycerol. Its molecular formula is 3115(011)3. Glycerol is a colorless, thick, syrupy liquid with a sweet taste, and has a flash point of 320°F, and is used to make such diverse products as candy and explosives, plus many more. Other glycerols are made, but most of them are not classified as hazardous materials. 

If a tetrahedral center in a molecule has two identical substituents, it is referred to as prochiral since, if either of the like substituents is converted to a different group, the tetrahedral center then becomes chiral. Consider glycerol the central carbon of glycerol is prochiral since replacing either of the —CH9OH groups would make the central carbon chiral. Nomenclature for prochiral centers is based on the (R,S) system (in Chapter 3). To name the otherwise identical substituents of a prochiral center, imagine... 

Eicosanoids, so named because they are all derived from 20-carbon fatty acids, are ubiquitous breakdown products of phospholipids. In response to appropriate stimuli, cells activate the breakdown of selected phospholipids (Figure 25.27). Phospholipase Ag (Chapter 8) selectively cleaves fatty acids from the C-2 position of phospholipids. Often these are unsaturated fatty acids, among which is arachidonic acid. Arachidonic acid may also be released from phospholipids by the combined actions of phospholipase C (which yields diacyl-glycerols) and diacylglycerol lipase (which releases fatty acids). 

Translate names of compounds the chief function of which is alcoholic (or phenolic) so that the name ends in -ol as, glycerol, resorcinol, mannitol, pinacol (not pinacone). 

Common Name o-Cresyl glycerol ether, glyceryl O-tOlyl ether, cresoxypropanediol, cres-oxydlol... 

R)-Glyceraldehyde. Fischer projection of, 976 molecular model of, 976, 977 Glyceric acid, structure of. 753 Glycerol, catabolism of, 1132-1133 s/i-Glycerol 3-phosphate, naming of, 1132... 

The hydrophobic tail is provided by long-chain fatty acids attached to a glycerol backbone. The head group contains oxygen and may be positively charged or neutral. The name of the phospholipid is dictated by the head group. The head and tail are attached through a phosphate diester. 

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