Triglycerides double bonds

Acrylated oils can be obtained by converting the triglyceride double bonds into an epoxide. Afterwards, the epoxy groups are opened with acrylic acid to get hydroxy acrylated oils (74,77-79). 

The multiple C=C bonds of vegetable oils are susceptible to be polymerized by a free radical mechanism. Little attention has been given to free radical polymerization of triglyceride double bonds because of the presence of chain-transfer processes (Lu and Larock 2009). 

Fats and Oils. Fats and oils (6) are traditionally sulfated using concentrated sulfuric acid. These are produced by the sulfation of hydroxyl groups and/or double bonds on the fatty acid portion of the triglyceride. Reactions across a double bond are very fast, whereas sulfation of the hydroxyl group is much slower. Yet 12-hydroxyoleic acid sulfates almost exclusively at the hydroxyl group. The product is generally a complex mixture of sulfated di-and monoglycerides, and even free fatty acids. Other feeds are castor oil, fish oil, tallow, and sperm oil. 

Sulfated Natural Oils and Fats. Sulfated natural triglycerides were the first nonsoap commercial surfactants introduced in the middle of the nineteenth century. Since then sulfates of many vegetable, animal, and fish oils have been investigated (see also Fats AND FATTY oils). With its hydroxyl group and a double bond, ricinoleic acid (12-hydroxy-9,10-octadecenoic acid) is an oil constituent particularly suited for sulfation. Its sulfate is known as turkey-red oil. Oleic acid is also suited for sulfation. Esters of these acids can be sulfated with a minimum of hydrolysis of the glyceride group. Polyunsaturated acids, with several double bonds, lead to dark-colored sulfation products. The reaction with sulfuric acid proceeds through either the hydroxyl or the double bond. The sulfuric acid half ester thus formed is neutralized with caustic soda ... 

Natural fats are glycerol esters of fatty acids known as triglycerides. Unsaturated fats are generally liquids (oils) at room temperature, while triglycerides rich in saturated fatty acids are generally solids. View tristearin and triolein. Which one of these is saturated and which is unsaturated Are die double bonds in the unsaturated fat cis or transl... 

Frouin (44), and more recently good evidence has been published (45) that nitric oxide reacts with palmitodiolein to form a pseudo-nitrosite across the double bonds of the triglyceride. 

The oils from which factices are manufactured are unsaturated vegetable and animal oils, which react with sulphur. Fatty oils with iodine number greater than 80 (iodine number is defined as the number of grammes of iodine absorbed by 100 g of fat/oil) are generally used, i.e., oils with three or more double bonds per triglyceride molecule. Rapeseed oil is the most common oil used for general purpose grades and castor oil is used for oil resistant factice. Other oils are used in preference by other countries due to local availability and cost. 

Catalytical studies of synthesized products were tested according to the Hanus Method [18]. Since Triglycerides (fats and oils) are esters of glycerol with three fatty acids. These long chain fatty acids may contain one or more double bonds. With no double bonds, the fatty acid is termed saturated (with hydrogen), and with double bonds, it is termed unsaturated. The iodine number is an indication of the degree of unsaturation of the oil (Scheme 14.4). 

Saturated fatty acids (no double bonds), such as myristic, palmitic, and stearic, make up two-thirds of milk fatty acids. Oleic acid is the most abundant unsaturated fatty acid in milk, with one double bond. Triglycerides account for 98% of milk fat. The small amounts of mono-, diglycerides, and free fatty acids in fresh milk may be... 

RP-HPLC with nonaqueous solvents and UVD at 246 nm was developed for the determination of low level POVs of vegetable oils. These measurements are specific for conjugated diene peroxides derived from vegetable oils with relatively high linoleic acid content. These measurements may be supplemented by nonspecific UVD at 210 nm and ELSD for detection of all eluted species. The elution sequence of the triglycerides in a nonaqueous RP-HPLC is linearly dependent on the partition number of each species, Vp, which is defined as = Nq — 2Ni, where Nq is the carbon number and is the double bond number. In the case of hydroperoxides = Nq — 2Nd — Vhpo, where Vhpo is the number of hydroperoxyl groups in the molecule (usually 1 for incipient POV). For... 

Tagat TO is an ethoxylated (25 moles per molecule) triglyceride of commercial oleic acid (65 oleic with the remainder mainly myrlstic palmitic stearic Cj g and linoleic C.g 2 double bonds). The... 

The effect of dietary fats on hypertriglyceridemia is dependent on the disposition of double bonds in the fatty acids. Omega-3 fatty acids found in fish oils, but not those from plant sources, activate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPAR- ) and can induce profound reduction of triglycerides in some patients. They also have antiinflammatory and antiarrhythmic activities. In contrast, the omega-6 fatty acids present in vegetable oils may cause triglycerides to increase. 

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