Triglyceride profile

Buchgraber, M., Ulberth, F. and Anklam, E. (2000) Comparison of HPLC and GLC techniques for the determination of the triglyceride profile of cocoa butter. J. Agric. Food Chem., 48, 3359-3363. 

Simoneau, C., Hannaert, P. and Anklam, A. (1999) Detection and quantification of cocoa butter equivalents in chocolate model systems analysis of triglyceride profiles by high resolution GC. Food Chem., 65, 111-116. 

Diuretics, such as those of the thiazide type, have been the cornerstone of first-line antihypertensive treatments for decades. However, popularity and use have eroded as a result of increases in sudden death in patients on diuretic therapy, and unfavorable effects on blood Hpids profile, ie, increasing cholesterol and triglyceride. These effects have been impHcated as possible causes for the lack of decrease in the mortaUty rate resulting from acute MI in patients treated with a diuretic (187,240,241). However, diuretics do protect against stroke and CHF. 

In many individuals, hyperlipidemia has no symptoms and the disorder is not discovered until laboratory tests reveal elevated cholesterol and triglyceride levels, elevated LDL levels, and decreased HDL levels. Often, these drags are initially prescribed on an outpatient basis, but initial administration may occur in the hospitalized patient. Seram cholesterol levels (ie, a lipid profile) and liver functions tests are obtained before the drugs are administered. 

Figures 2 and 3 illustrate the reactant and intermediate product profiles at different reaction times for Mg0-Al203 and Ti02-S04 catalysts, respectively. The results in Fig. 2 show that over 95% triglyceride (TG) is converted to methyl ester and intermediate products within 3 h and the intermediate products of monoglyceride (MG) and diglyceride (DG) remain at a very low concentration level of 1.5% and 4%, respectively.

Fasting lipid profile total cholesterol 233 mg/dL (6.03 mmol/L), HDL cholesterol 30 mg/dL (0.78 mmol/L), LDL cholesterol 165 mg/dL (4.27 mmol/L), triglycerides 188 mg/dL (2.12 mmol/L) other labs within normal limits... 

LC is a 51 -year-old female with a history of CHD (stent placement in the left anterior descending coronary artery 3 years prior) and type 2 diabetes who is referred to you for follow-up of her cholesterol. She is taking simvastatin 20 mg once daily in the evening for her cholesterol, and metformin 2000 mg once daily in the evening and piogliti-zone 15 mg once daily for diabetes. Her diabetes is well controlled. Her laboratory test results are within normal limits, except for her fasting lipid profile total cholesterol 215 mg/dL (5.57 mmol/L), triglycerides 135 mg/dL (1.53 mmol/L), HDL cholesterol 51 mg/dL (1.32 mmol/L), and LDL cholesterol 137 mg/dL (3.55 mmol/L). 

All the approaches based on a chemolysis step and GC analysis give detailed information on the FA and alcohol profiles, but do not reveal anything about the extent of the hydrolysis of any triglycerides and wax esters in the sample. 

A fasting lipoprotein profile including total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, and triglycerides should be measured in all adults 20 years of age or older at least once every 5 years. 

Women with controlled dyslipidemias can use low-dose CHCs, with periodic monitoring of fasting lipid profiles. Women with uncontrolled dysiipidemia (LDL greater than 160 mg/dL, HDL less than 35 mg/dL, triglycerides greater than 250 mg/dL) and additional risk factors (e.g., coronary artery disease, diabetes, hypertension, smoking, or a positive family history) should use an alternative method of contraception. 

Because of the similarity, it is difficult to conclude whether the lipid changes induced by SERMs offer any advantage over the profile determined by HT. Triglyceride levels have been proposed as an independent risk factor for CVD in postmenopausal women (Miller 1998). Further, there are some indications that increases in triglycerides may favor the reduction in the size of LDL particles. Smaller LDL particles are more susceptible to oxidation and have been associated with a higher risk potential (Austin et al. 1988), but whether this observation confers any clinical prejudice to hypertriglyceridemia has not been proven at present. 

Details of plasma lipoproteins and their metabolism are given in Section 5.5. Most of the cholesterol in the blood is carried as part of low density lipoprotein (LDL) or high density lipoprotein (HDL), whereas most triglyceride, in the fasting state, is carried by very low density lipoprotein (VLDL). The relative concentrations of these lipoproteins constitute the lipid profile and determine CVD risk. Diabetics are more likely to show an unhealthy profile with elevated concentrations of LDL and triglyceride but reduced HDL concentration. This pattern can be partly explained by enhanced fatty acid liberation from adipocytes as a consequence of insulin resistance in that tissue and due to reduced removal from the circulation of triglycerides, which is also insulin dependent. 

Importantly, the authors also examined whether colestimide ameliorated obesity and its associated effects once established. Body weight and BMI were not significantly reduced in mice fed colestimide, but insulin and glucose profiles, serum cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations were all improved compared with high-fat-diet-fed controls. 

Bakan DA, Weichert JP, Longino MA, Counsel RE (2000) Polyiodinated triglyceride lipid emulsions for use as hepatoselective contrast agents in CT effects of physicochemical properties on bio distribution and imaging profiles. Invest Radiol 35 69... 

Raloxifene (Evista) is a new SERM approved for use in the treatment and prevention of osteoporosis because it has estrogenic activity in bone. Raloxifene is an estrogen antagonist in both breast and endometrial tissues. The estrogenhke properties of raloxifene result in the maintenance of a favorable serum Upid profile (decreased low-density lipoprotein levels with no change in either high-density lipoproteins or triglycerides). Raloxifene is 95% bound to plasma proteins. Absorption of raloxifene is impaired by cholestyramine. 

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