Triglycerides fasting lipoprotein profile

A fasting lipoprotein profile including total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, and triglycerides should be measured in all adults 20 years of age or older at least once every 5 years. 

A complete fasting lipid profile including total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, and triglycerides should be done in all CKD patients. Lipoprotein levels may be inflnenced by several factors inclnding GFR and proteinuria. It is recommended that these patients have their lipid profile assessed more freqnently than in the general popnlation in order to identify abnormahties and treat them early. In patients on hemodialysis the hpid profile shonld be done prior to dialysis or on nondialysis days. Patients shonld also be evalnated for other conditions that are known to cause dyslipidemias (e.g., liver disease and hypothyroidism). 

Details of plasma lipoproteins and their metabolism are given in Section 5.5. Most of the cholesterol in the blood is carried as part of low density lipoprotein (LDL) or high density lipoprotein (HDL), whereas most triglyceride, in the fasting state, is carried by very low density lipoprotein (VLDL). The relative concentrations of these lipoproteins constitute the lipid profile and determine CVD risk. Diabetics are more likely to show an unhealthy profile with elevated concentrations of LDL and triglyceride but reduced HDL concentration. This pattern can be partly explained by enhanced fatty acid liberation from adipocytes as a consequence of insulin resistance in that tissue and due to reduced removal from the circulation of triglycerides, which is also insulin dependent. 

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