Triglycerides Triacylglycerols

TRIACYLGLYCEROLS (TRIGLYCERIDES) ARE THE MAIN STORAGE FORMS OF FATTY ACIDS... 

Triacylglycerol. Triglyceride a compound consisting of three molecules of fatty acids esterified to glycerol. It is a neutral fat synthesized from carbohydrates for storage in animal adipose cells. On enzymatic hydrolysis, it releases free fatty acids in the blood. Tuberculosis. Any of the infectious diseases of man and animals caused by species Mycobacterium and characterized by the formation of tubercles and caseous necrosis in the tissues. 

Familial adenomatous polyposis 574 Faraday, numerical value of 283 Farnesyl group 402, 559 Fat(s). See also Triacylglycerol (triglyceride) composition of 380 hydrolysis of 507 Fatty acid(s) 380-382 activation of 512 acyl CoA, derivatives of 507 biosynthesis of 722 branched chain 381 cyclopropane-containing 399 essential 721 in lipids 380 names of, table 380 oxidation 511 pKa values of 380 stability of 589... 

Hydrophobic lipids (triacylglycerols and cholesteryl esters) are virtually completely insoluble in water they are solubilized for transport in plasma by incorporation into lipoproteins. Lipoproteins are spherical complexes containing triacylglycerol (triglyceride) and cholesteryl ester surrounded by a layer containing phospholipids, unesterified cholesterol, and specific apolipoproteins. 

Excess acetate (C2) can be converted to the mobile ketone body energy source aceto-acetate (C4) and thence its reduced form hydroxybutyrate (C,) for transport throughout the body. Excess acetate can be carboxylated (via acetylCoA carboxylase) to form malonylCoA (C3), the donor for further C2 additions (with C02 elimination) in the anabolic synthesis of long chain fatty acids. Fatty acids are components of the phospholipids of cellular membranes and are also stored as triacylglycerols (triglycerides) for subsequent hydrolysis and catabolic fatty acid oxidation to yield reduced coenzymes and thence ATP (see Chapter 2). 

Fats and oils contain various classes of compounds (16). These componds are primarily neutral lipids that include triacylglycerols (triglycerides) with lower amounts of diacylglycerols (diglycerides), monoacylglycerols (monoglycerides),... 

Fat and oil usually refer to semisolid and liquid forms of triacylglycerols (triglycerides), respectively, although the use of these terms is not consistent throughout industry. In this chapter, the termite means the group of commercial lipids (mono-, di- and triacylglycerols, fatty acids, and phospholipids), whether in solid or liquid... 

Figure 1-2. The fed state. The c/rc/ed numbers serve as a guide, indicating the approximate order in which the processes begin to occur. CHO = carbohydrate TG = triacylglycerols (triglycerides) FA = fatty acids AA = amino acids TCA = tricarboxylic acid cycle RBC = red blood cells VLDL = very low-density lipoprotein I = insulin = stimulated by.

B. Monoacylglycerols (monoglycerides), diacylglycerols (diglycerides), and triacylglycerols (triglycerides) contain one, two, and three fatty acids esterified to glycerol, respectively. 

Cholesterol, which is largely insoluble in aqueous m a, travels through the blood circulation in the form of Upoprotein complexes. The plasma lipoproteins are a family of globular particles that share common structural features. A core of hydrophobic lipid, principally triacylglycerols (triglycerides) and cholesterol esters, is surrounded by a hydrophilic monolayer of phospholipid and protein (the apolipoproteins) [1-3]. Lipid-apolipoprotein interactions, facihtated byi amphi-pathic protein helices that segregate polar from nonpolar surfaces [2,3], provide the mechanism by which cholesterol can circulate in a soluble form. In addition, the apolipoproteins modulate the activities of certain enzymes involved in Upoprotein metabolism and interact with specific cell surface receptors which take up Upopro-teins by receptor-mediated endocytosis. Differences in the Upid and apoUpoprotein compositions of plasma Upoproteins determine their target sites and classification based on buoyant density. 

Triacylglycerols (triglycerides) are compounds in which the three OF groups of glycerol are esterified with fatty acids. Triacylglycerols that are solids or semisolids at room temper-... 

The major components of fats and oils are compounds called triacylglycerols (triglycerides). They are esters of glycerol with long-chain fatty acids. 

Our major fuel store is adipose triacylglycerol (triglyceride), a lipid more commonly known as fat. The average 70-kg man has approximately 15 kg stored triacylglycerol, which accounts for approximately 85% of his total stored calories (see Fig. 1.7). 

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