AcetylCoA carboxylase

AcetylCoA carboxylase Glycogen synthase HMGCoA reductase NO synthase Biosynthesis of fatty adds Glycogen synthesis Biosynthesis of cholesterol Biosynthesis of NO ... 

Figure 1.35 Schematic diagram of the phenolic biosynthetic pathway accompanied by the key enzymes involved. Enzyme abbreviations PAL, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase BA2H, benzoic acid 2-hydroxylase C4H, cinnamate 4-hydroxylase COMT-1, caffeic/5-hydroxyferulic acid O-methy I transferase 4CL, p-co um a ra te C o A ligase F5H, ferulate 5-hydroxylase GT, galloyltransferase ACoAC, acetylCoA carboxylase.

Excess acetate (C2) can be converted to the mobile ketone body energy source aceto-acetate (C4) and thence its reduced form hydroxybutyrate (C,) for transport throughout the body. Excess acetate can be carboxylated (via acetylCoA carboxylase) to form malonylCoA (C3), the donor for further C2 additions (with C02 elimination) in the anabolic synthesis of long chain fatty acids. Fatty acids are components of the phospholipids of cellular membranes and are also stored as triacylglycerols (triglycerides) for subsequent hydrolysis and catabolic fatty acid oxidation to yield reduced coenzymes and thence ATP (see Chapter 2). 

O-acyl transfe rase ACC, acetylCoA carboxylase ACE, angiotensin converting enzyme ACE, angiotensin I converting enzyme ACh, acetylcholine AChE, acetylcholinesterase ACTH, adrenocorticotropic hormone ACTH-R, corticotropin (ACTH) receptor... 

Fischer, P.W.F. Goodridge, A.G. (1978). Coordinate regulation of acetylCoA carboxylase and fatty add synthase in liver cells of the developing chick in vivo and in culture. Arch. Biophys. Biochem., 190, 332—44. 

Takai, T., Yokoyama, C, Wada, K. Tanabe, T. (1988). Primary structure of chicken liver acetylCoA carboxylase deduced from cDNA sequence. ]. Biol Chem., 263, 2651—7. 

This reactive thiol ester is capable of tandergoing aldol-type (see Experiment [20]) condensations under physiological conditions. AcetylCoA is first carboxy-lated with the help of the enzyme, acetyl CoA-carboxylase, to yield a thioknalonyl derivative. The resulting intermediate possesses an activated methylene group... 

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