Treatment benzoylation

For thermal-catalytic treatment, benzoyl peroxide was used as a free radical initiator in concentrations varying between 0.2 and 5 wt %. For methyl methacrylate, at a temperature of 75 °C, polymerization is complete in about 30 minutes with 5 wt % catalyst and in about 70 minutes when 1% catalyst is present. 

Glycidyl trimethyl ammonium chloride cellulosic yarn treatment Benzoyl chloride cellulosics... 

Sometimes, degree of adhesion between fiber and matrix achieved through various primary processing of biocomposites is weak which results in poor performance of developed composites. Natural fibers comprise of waxy and fatty materials on their surface which causes improper bonding between fiber and matrix. There are various chemical treatment techniques (such as alkali-treatment, silane treatment, Benzoylation, Acetylation, etc.) which can be applied to natural fibers before primary processing to condition the surface and consequently improve the fiber matrix adhesion to develop high performance biocomposites. 

Peroxide treatment Natural fibres are immersed in a solution of dicumyl (or benzoyl) peroxide in acetone for about half an hour, then decanted and dried [123]. Recent studies have highlighted significant improvements in the mechanical properties. In a study of polyethylene hybrid composites, sisal and glass fibres were proposed to reinforce the matrix in terms of tensile strength and modulus. Among different chemical treatments, benzoyl peroxide treated fibres revealed to be more successful. This was attributed to the peroxide-initiated grafting of polyethylene on to the fibres [124]. 

Silanation (various organosilanes used) most reactions occurring above 70°C Peroxide treatment (benzoyl peroxyde) Latex coating... 

Perbenzoic acid. Treatment of a cold sodium methoxide solution with a solution of pure benzoyl peroxide in chloroform affords methyl benzoate and a solution of the sodium salt of perbenzoic acid ... 

Jicyylic anhydride is formed by treatment of the acid with acetic anhydride or by reaction of acrylate salts with acryloyl chloride. Jicryloylchloride is made by reaction of acryhc acid with phosphorous oxychloride, or benzoyl or thionyl chloride. Neither the anhydride nor the acid chloride is of commercial interest. 

An 80% yield of tetraphenylfuran is obtained by treatment of benzoyl chloride with active titanium generated by lithium aluminum hydride reduction of titanium trichloride (Scheme 84e) (8UOC2407). The reaction nroceeds via benzil and tetraphenylbut-2-ene-l,4-dione, both of which are minor products of the reaction. 

The treatment of 4-benzoyl-3-phenylisoxazolin-5-one with KOH generated 3,5-diphenyl-isoxazole-3-carboxylic acid via a ring-opened intermediate as shown in Scheme 69 (61CB1956). 

The treatment of 3-benzoyl-2-phenylisoxazolidine with strong base generated an aldehyde and a ketimine <74X1121). Under these conditions dimethyl 2-a-methoxyisoxazolidine-3,3-dicarboxylic acid (186) produced isoxazoline-2-carboxylic acid. Reaction of the monomethyl amide (187) gave the corresponding isoxazoline-2-carboxamide (Scheme 60). CD was used in the conformational studies <79X213). 

The treatment of 3-acylisoxazoles (438) with hydroxylamine hydrochloride gives furazan ketones (439). On the other hand, furazan ketones (439) rearrange to 3-acylisoxazoles (438) with a loss of hydroxylamine under the influence of a mineral acid. Thus, by refluxing phenacylphenylfurazan with concentrated alcoholic hydrogen chloride, 3-benzoyl-5-phenyl-isoxazole is formed similarly, phenyl(phenacylphenyl)furazan gives 3-benzoyl-3,5-diphenyl-isoxazole (62HC(17)1, p. 35). 

If, however, the /7-nitrophenyl ester of iV-henzoyl-L-leucine is treated with 1-methyl-piperidine in chloroform for 30 min and then coupled with glycine ethyl ester, the dipeptide isolated is almost completely racemic. Furthermore, treatment of the p-nitrophenyl ester of iV-benzoyl-L-leucine with 1-methylpiperidine alone leads to the formation of a crystalline material, C13H15NO2, having strong IR bands at 1832 and 1664 cm . Explain these observations, and suggest a reasonable stmcture for the crystalline product. 

Another example of this is the loss of acetic acid when delphinine is heated in hydrogen at 200-215°. Just as aconitine is so converted into pyraconitine so delphinine yields pyrodelphinine, C3 H4 0,N, m.p. 208-212°, and similarly a-oxodelphinine, C33H430j qN, under like treatment loses acetic acid and yields pyro-a-oxodelphinine, C3 H3gOgN, which crystallises from methyl alcohol in needles, m.p. 248-250°, after sintering at 238°. This, on hydrogenation, forms a hexahydro-derivative, m.p. 183-5°, presumably by saturation of the benzoyl radical, which therefore leaves unexplained the mechanism by which acetic acid is lost in this pyrolytic reaction (c/. pyropseudaconitine, p. 683). 

In their original communication on the alkylation and acylation of enamines, Stork et al. (3) had reported that the pyrrolidine enamine of cyclohexanone underwent monoacylation with acid chlorides. For example, the acylation with benzoyl chloride led to monobenzoylcyclohexanone. However, Hunig and Lendle (33) found that treatment of the morpholine enamine of cyclopentanone with 2 moles of propionyl chloride followed by acid hydrolysis gave the enol ester (56), which was proposed to have arisen from the intermediate (55). 

A methylene base formed from quinaldine ethiodide, l-ethyl-2-methyl-ene-1,2-dihydroisoquinoline (129), exhibits a number of reactions characteristic of enamines (207,209). On treatment with benzoylchloride a dialkylated product (130) is produced by C and subsequent O benzoylation (210). 

Auwers and others soon discovered that the transformation 3 —> 6 did not consistently give flavonols such as 2. For example, alcoholic alkali treatment of dibromide 11 produced 2-benzoyl-benzofuran-3-one 12 instead of the corresponding flavonol. The same observation was made by Robert Robinson in a failed attempt to make datiscetin in 19257 It has reported that when there is a meta (to the coumarone ring oxygen) substituent such as methyl or methoxy, flavonol formation is hindered, whereas methyl, methoxy, and chlorine substituents at the ortho and para positions are conducive to flavonol formation. ... 

Sorm et a/. prepared azacytidine and some of its derivatives in a similar way. The 4-thio derivative was obtained from 2, 3, 5 -tri-0-acetyl- or 2, 3, 5 -tri-0-benzoyl-6-azauridine by treatment with phosphorus pentasulfide this liberated 4-thio-6-azauridine (126) which was identified with 4-thio-6-azauracil on comparing the UV spectra. Treatment with ammonia produced 6-azacytidine (127) treatment with hydrazine, hydroxylamine, and n-butylamine yielded the corresponding derivatives. 

Azafulvaleiies of type 7-10 constitute electron-poor compounds therefore, only a few reactions using electrophilic agents have been described. Tlius, heating 26a with methyl iodide or benzoyl chloride and subsequent treatment of the resulting products with FIBF4 gave the dithiolium salts... 

Elimination of the hydroxyaminomethyl moiety from nitro oxime 15 by treatment with a diazonium salt gave hydrazone 43 (75LA1029) (Scheme 15). The same product was obtained by coupling the diazonium salt with the compound 16. On heating in aniline, oxime 15 was transformed into Schiff base 42. Acylation of the oxime 15 with benzoyl chloride in pyridine led to a mixture of furazan 44 and dinitrile 45. 

The a-cyanobenzylpyrrolidine 13 may be used as a benzoyl anion equivalent by treatment with NaOH in DMSO and PhC CMe to afford the adduct 14, although conditions to deprotect this to give the enone 15 were not specified (93LA375). 

---