Peroxide treatment

Peroxide treatment using organic peroxides such as benzoyl peroxide, dicumyl peroxide, or hydrogen peroxide has attracted attention in the treatment of natural 

70 °C) after alkali pretreatment [70, 91]. Use of high temperature helps peroxide molecules to decompose easily. A saturated solution of the peroxide in acetone can be used. Of course, the treated natural fibers should be washed with water and sufficiently dried before biocomposite processing. 

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Organoperoxysulfonic acids and their salts have been prepared by the reaction of arenesulfonyl chlorides with calcium, silver, or sodium peroxide treatment of metal salts of organosulfonic acids with hydrogen peroxide hydrolysis of di(organosulfonyl) peroxides, RS(0)2—OO—S(02)R, with hydrogen peroxide and sulfoxidation of saturated, non aromatic hydrocarbons, eg, cyclohexane (44,181). 

Although the turpentine is largely desulfurized in the stripping stage and again in the fractionation stages, many appHcations for a- and P-pinene requite further desulfurization. Such methods involve adsorption on carbon, hypochlorite treatment, hydrogen peroxide treatment, treatment with metals, or a combination of techniques (6—15). 

Nelieu S, L Kerhoas, J Einhorn (2000) Degradation of atrazine into ammeline by combined ozone/hydrogen peroxide treatment in water. Environ Sci Technol 34 430-437. 

Moraes, E.C., Keyse, S.M. and Tyrrell, R.M. (1990). Mutagenesis by hydrogen peroxide treatment of mammalian cells a molecular analysis. Carcinogenesis 11, 283-293. 

The possible benefits of prescouring to remove such contaminants should also be considered. Alkaline pretreatments, including boiling off of cotton, have a profound effect on AOX values after chlorite bleaching (Tables 10.21 and 10.22). It can be beneficial, from the viewpoint of both AOX and whiteness, to follow a chlorite bleach with a peroxide treatment. Linen yarns after an alkaline scour and chlorite bleach gave a whiteness value of 63.9 with an unacceptably high AOX value of 8.0 ppm. These results were improved to 78.5 and 1.2 ppm respectively after peroxide treatment [224]-... 

Mesitylene, production from acetone, 1 164 Mesityl oxide, 14 589-590 characteristics of, 16 337 hydrogenation, 16 337-338 hydrogen peroxide treatment of, 16 338 Z-menthol from, 24 520 production of, 16 336-337 production from acetone, 1 164, 174 Mesogenic diols, 25 460 Mesogenic molecules, solids of, 15 82 Mesogens, 24 53, 54 Mesomixing, 16 683 Mesomorphic behavior, 24 53-54 Mesomorphic phase transitions, 15 102 Mesomorphism, 15 81. See also Liquid crystalline materials Mesophase pitch-based carbon fiber, 26 734-735... 

Commercially viable systems for the decolorisation of spent dyebaths can be based on hydrogen peroxide treatment initiated by UV radiation. A representative selection of six disulphonated monoazo acid dyes and two disazo disulphonated types was exposed for various times in a pilot-scale photochemical reactor of this kind. The controlling parameters were dye structure, pH, peroxide dosage and UV light intensity [39]. In a wider survey of the response of various classes of dyes to the combination of UV radiation and hydrogen peroxide, viable candidates for further in-plant treatment trials were the water-soluble reactive, direct, acid and basic classes. On the other hand, water-insoluble colorants such as disperse and vat dyes did not appear to be viable [40]. 

A project conducted by the USDA (FEDRIP 1996) at its Western Regional Research Center in Albany, California, will study the use of ozone or peroxide treatment as an alternative to chlorinated bleaching in the preparation of walnuts intended for in-the-shell sales. There are concerns that the current use of hypochlorite bleaching agents can adversely impact taste as well as leaving behind THM residues containing chloroform. 

Physicochemical treatment of pharmaceutical wastewater includes screening, equalization, neutralization/pH adjustment, coagulation/flocculation, sedimentation, adsorption, and ozone and hydrogen peroxide treatment. Detailed descriptions of the various physicochemical treatment processes are described in the following sections. 

In 1994, Rayox developers generated cost estimates for the technology based on bench-scale studies. Using a proposed cleanup site in Canada as a model, researchers compared these estimates with the costs of using an air stripper/liquid carbon/catalytic oxidizer (air/carbon) option. Results indicated that UV/peroxide treatment, with or without an iron catalyst, was found to have an estimated capital cost equal to the air/carbon option at the site (D12302U). 

At the Brown and Bryant Superfund Site, in Arvin, California, soil washing operations resulted in the production of 100,000 gal of wash water containing 400 to 600 ppm of Dinoseb. A Rayox system was implemented at the site that used ozonation followed by UV/peroxide treatment. The operating cost for this project was 40 per 1000 gal (D17097S, Appendix II). 

Treatment of inbred SEN mouse skin with 20 mg benzoyl peroxide led to the transient induction of transforming growth factor (31 mRNA (Patamalai et al., 1994) and inte-rleukin-1 (Lee et al., 1993). The number of mast cells also increased during benzoyl peroxide treatment, in a 30 pm-wide strip below the epidermis (de Rey et al., 1994). 

Spencer, J.P.E., Jenner, A., Chimel, K., Aruoma, O.I., Cross, C.E., Wu, R. Halliwell, B. (1995) DNA strand breakage and base modification induced by hydrogen peroxide treatment of human respiratory tract epithelial cells. FEBS Lett., 374, 233-236... 

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