Treating Bath

BaCl2 is used in heat treating baths because of the eutectic mixtures it readily forms with other chlorides. The melting points of some eutectic mixtures are BaCl2 KCl, 672—680°C BaCl2 N Cl, 39 mol % BaCl2) 654°C 631°C. BaCl2 is so used to set up porcelain enamels for sheet... 

As far as procedure is concerned, the fibers were removed from the treating bath, shaken to remove excess droplets, washed for a few seconds, and mounted. A solution of 75 % ethanol-25 % water was used with Na SOi and Na2 S04 95% ethanol was used with Na Br. 

The method of treatment was the same for 90°C and room temperature except that the precision of the measurements at 90°C was considerably improved if the fibers were preconditioned for 1 hr or more in air which had been bubbled through water. Why such a preconditioning treatment should be effective is obscure certainly the treating bath contains an excess of water. One possible explanation is the following. Minute occluded air bubbles may be present at the fiber-liquid interface these can serve as nuclei for drop entrainment when the fiber is removed from the liquid, and thus increase the amount of material which must be washed off, and in this way, the error in washing. Presumably, then, exposure of the fiber to a high relative humidity brings about the adsorption of a surface layer of water on the fiber, and this layer minimizes the occlusion of air bubbles when the fiber is put into the bath. 

Equipment which ensures that the vase containing the material to be treated bathes in warmed water. 

Uses Corrosion inhibitor for copper, brass, magnesium, aluminum, sleel, and other ferrous and nonferrous metals for syn. coolanis, cutting fluids, copper/aiioy treating baths, alkaline metal cleaners, radiator fluids, industrial cooling towers rust preventive in aerosols rust inhibitor tor galvanized metals corrosion inhibitor in paints, antifreezes lubricant Features Rec. in aq. systems pH > 7 virtually nonfoaming nonphenolic ... 

A second recent development has been the application 46 of the initial value representation 47 to semiclassically calculate A3.8.13 (and/or the equivalent time integral of the flux-flux correlation fiinction). While this approach has to date only been applied to problems with simplified hannonic baths, it shows considerable promise for applications to realistic systems, particularly those in which the real solvent bath may be adequately treated by a fiirther classical or quasiclassical approximation. 

In many cases the dynamical system consists of fast degrees of freedom, labeled x, and slow degrees of freedom, labeled y. An example is that of a fluid containing polyatomic molecules. The internal vibrations of the molecules are often very fast compared to their translational and orientational motions. Although this and other systems, like proteins, have already been treated using RESPA,[17, 34, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26] another example, and the one we focus on here, is that of a system of very light particles (of mass m) dissolved in a bath of very heavy particles (mass M).[14] The positions of the heavy particles are denoted y and the positions of the light particles rire denoted by X. In this case the total Liouvillian of the system is ... 

At the end of 30 minutes treat the mixture in A as follows Dissolve 8 ml. of glacial acetic acid in 10 ml. of water, add 4 ml. of phenylhydra-zine and mix well in order to obtain a clear solution. Add this to the solution in A and mix thoroughly a slightly cloudy solution may be obtained, but this will clear on heating. Place the mixture in a boiling water-bath and note the formation of j ellow crystals of glucosazone after about 15 minutes. At the end of about i hour, cool, filter off the precipitate and identify as directed on p. 139. 

Add 1 ml. of the alcohol-free ether to 0-1-0-15 g. of finely-powdered anhydrous zinc chloride and 0 5 g. of pure 3 5-dinitrobenzoyl chloride (Section 111,27,1) contained in a test-tube attach a small water condenser and reflux gently for 1 hour. Treat the reaction product with 10 ml. of 1-5N sodium carbonate solution, heat and stir the mixture for 1 minute upon a boiling water bath, allow to cool, and filter at the pump. Wash the precipitate with 5 ml. of 1 5N sodium carbonate solution and twice with 6 ml. of ether. Dry on a porous tile or upon a pad of filter paper. Transfer the crude ester to a test-tube and boil it with 10 ml. of chloroform or carbon tetrachloride filter the hot solution, if necessary. If the ester does not separate on cooling, evaporate to dryness on a water bath, and recrystallise the residue from 2-3 ml. of either of the above solvents. Determine the melting point of the resulting 3 5 dinitro benzoate (Section 111,27). 

Mix 50 ml. of formalin, containing about 37 per cent, of formaldehyde, with 40 ml. of concentrated ammonia solution (sp. gr. 0- 88) in a 200 ml. round-bottomed flask. Insert a two-holed cork or rubber stopper carrying a capillary tube drawn out at the lower end (as for vacuum distillation) and reaching almost to the bottom of the flask, and also a short outlet tube connected through a filter flask to a water pump. Evaporate the contents of the flask as far as possible on a water bath under reduced pressure. Add a further 40 ml. of concentrated ammonia solution and repeat the evaporation. Attach a reflux condenser to the flask, add sufficient absolute ethyl alcohol (about 100 ml.) in small portions to dissolve most of the residue, heat under reflux for a few minutes and filter the hot alcoholic extract, preferably through a hot water fuimel (all flames in the vicinity must be extinguished). When cold, filter the hexamine, wash it with a little absolute alcohol, and dry in the air. The yield is 10 g. Treat the filtrate with an equal volume of dry ether and cool in ice. A fiulher 2 g. of hexamine is obtained. 

Into a 500 nil. round-bottomed flask, provided with a double surface condenser, place 50 g. (63 ml.) of pure, dry acetone, 50 g. (47 ml.) of ethyl cyanoacetate (Section 111,131) and 0 -5 g. of piperidine. Allow to stand for 60 hours and heat on a water bath for 2 hours. Treat the cold reaction mixture with 100 ml. of ether, wash with dilute hydrochloric acid, then with water, and dry over anhydrous sodium or magnesium sulphate. Distil under diminished pressure and collect the ethyl fsopropylidene cyanoacetate (ethyl a-cyano-pp-dimethylacrylate) at 114-116°/14mm.(l). The yield is 39 g. 

Reduction of A-nitrosoethylaniline. Employ 38 g. of A-nitroso-ethylaniUne, 75 g. of granulated tin and 150 ml. of concentrated hydrochloric acid. After all the acid has been added, heat on a water bath for 75 minutes and allow to cool. Treat the almost solid crystalline mass... 

The experimental details for mono-M-propylanillne are as follows. Reflux a mixture of 230 g. of aniline and 123 g. of n-propyl bromide for 8-10 hours. Allow to cool, render the mixture alkafine, and add a solution of 150 g. of zinc chloride in 150 g. of water. Cool the mixture and stir after 12 hours, filter at the pump and drain well. Extract the thick paste several times with boiling light petroleum, b.p. 60-80° (it is best to use a Soxhlet apparatus), wash the combined extracts successively with water and dilute ammonia solution, and then dry over anhydrous potassium carbonate or anhydrous magnesium sulphate. Remove the solvent on a water bath, and distil the residue from a Claisen flask with fractionating side arm (well lagged). Collect the n-propyl-aniline at 218-220° the yield is 80 g. Treat the pasty solid zincichloride with an excess of. sodium hydroxide solution and steam distil 130 g. of pure aniline are recovered. 

When an aqueous solution of phenyldiazonium chloride or of p-tolyl-diazonium hydrogen sulphate is treated with an equivalent of potassium iodide and warmed on a water bath, iodobenzene or />-iodotoluene is formed in good 3deld ... 

Method 1. Treat 2 0 g. of the mixture of amines with 40 ml. of 10 per cent, sodium hydroxide solution and add 4 g. (3 ml.) of benzenesulphonyl chloi de (or 4 g. of p-toluenesulphonyl chloride) in small portions. Warm on a water bath to complete the reaction. Acidify the alkaline solution with dilute hydrochloric acid when the sulphonamides of the primary and secondary amines are precipitated. Filter off the solid and wash it with a little cold water the tertiary amine will be present in the filtrate. To convert any disulphOnamide that may have been formed from the primary amine into the sulphonamide, boil the solid under reflux with 2 0 g. of sodium dissolved in 40 ml. of absolute ethyl alcohol for 30 minutes. Dilute with a little water and distil off the alcohol filter off the precipitate of the sulphonamide of the secondary amine. Acidify the filtrate with dilute hydrochloric acid to precipitate the derivative of the primary amine. Recrystallise the respective derivatives from alcohol or from dilute alcohol, and identify them inter alia by a determination of the m.p. 

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