Radiator fluid

Ethylene glycol has a characteristically sweet smell that makes it irresistible to animals. The bright green or red fluorescein dye is added to warn humans and animals of the inherent danger associated with the ingestion of antifreeze. If antifreeze is swallowed, it causes central nervous system depression followed by respiratory and cardiac distress. If untreated, ingestion leads to cardiac failure, renal failure, and brain damage. 

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In equation 1, a dicarboxylic acid derivative called an anhydride (literally without water ) reacts with ethylene glycol, a di-alcohol, to form a linear polyester and the byproduct water. Ethylene glycol is the major ingredient in most automotive radiator fluids. In equation 2, the ethylene glycol is replaced with a tri-alcohol, glycerol. As the reaction proceeds, the polyester does not form linear chains, but rather becomes crosslinked as the three OH groups react with phthalic anhydride, building up a three-dimensional structure. 

Fortunately, numerical modeling despite its many limitations associated with grid resolution, choice of turbulence model, or assignment of boundary conditions is not intrinsically limited by similitude or scale constraints. Thus, in principle, it should be possible to numerically simulate all aspects of fires within canopies for which realistic models exist for combustion, radiation, fluid properties, ignition sources, pyrolysis, etc. In addition it should be possible to examine all interactions of fire properties individually, sequentially and combined to evaluate nonlinear effects. Thus, computational fluid dynamics may well provide a greater understanding of the behavior of small, medium, and mass fires in the future. 

Many Binary Nerve Agent Components are corrosive or react with water to form corrosive materials. Components may also react with water to produce extremely toxic materials. Other common chemicals, such as alcohols, radiator fluids, dry cleaning solvents, or sulfur containing (vulcanized) products may react with components to form toxic materials. Reaction with dry bleach may produce toxic gases. In some cases, extremely hazardous decomposition products, some with toxicities near those of the original agents, are produced by hydrolysis of either the components or the Nerve Agents formed. 

Investigator Type of correlation Phases involved Mohamad et al. [36] Packed-bed effective thermal conductivity due to radiation Fluid-solid... 

Uses Corrosion inhibitor for copper, brass, magnesium, aluminum, sleel, and other ferrous and nonferrous metals for syn. coolanis, cutting fluids, copper/aiioy treating baths, alkaline metal cleaners, radiator fluids, industrial cooling towers rust preventive in aerosols rust inhibitor tor galvanized metals corrosion inhibitor in paints, antifreezes lubricant Features Rec. in aq. systems pH > 7 virtually nonfoaming nonphenolic ... 

Applying Ideas How does ethylene glycol protect radiator fluid in an automobile from both freezing in the winter and boiling over in the summer ... 

Radiator fluid with 1 % Rhenotest 3E (anti-corrosive) 107 = 0/28 d 0... 

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