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Transport data estimation

Chatterjee, A. Wliolley, T. Guensler, R. Haiagen, D. Margiotta, R. Miller, T. Philpot, J. and Stopher, P. (1997). Improving Transportation Data for Mobile Source Emissions Estimates (NCHRP Report 394). Washington, DC National Research Council, Transportation Research Board. [Pg.457]

It is useful to be able to estimate diffusion coefficients either to supplement mass transport data or to compare with experimentally determined values. A theoretically based method to estimate the diffusion coefficient includes upper and lower bounds for small molecules and large diffusants, respectively [40], The equation... [Pg.116]

Rouen D, Scher H, Blunt M (1997) On the structure and flow processes in the capillary fringe of phreatic aquifers. Transp Porous Media 28 159-180 Rose CW (1993) The transport of adsorbed chemicals in eroded sediments. In Russo D, Dagan G (eds) Water flow and solute transport in soils. Springer, Heidelberg, pp 180-199 Rosenberry DO, Winter TC (1997) Dynamics of water-table fluctuations in an upland between two prairie-pothole wetlands in North Dakota. J Hydrol 191 266-289 Russo D (1997) On the estimation of parameters of log-unsaturated conductivity covariance from solute transport data. Adv Water Resour 20 191-205 Russo D, Toiber-Yasur 1, Laufer A, Yaron B (1998) Numerical analysis of field scale transport of bromacU. Adv Water Resour 21 637-647... [Pg.400]

Transportation of succinic acid and 1,4-butanediol and other various raw materials is the same as for Bionolle. Starch and plasticizer are transported to Showa Denko Tatsuno Factory from domestic and overseas production plants. We derive various scenarios from actual transport information in this study, including distance, route, means of transport, and loading ratios. Fuel consumption and CO2 emission related to transportation are estimated based on these scenarios. As starch is assumed to be produced in the USA, we account for both sea transportation from the USA to Japan and land transportation from domestic ports to the Tatsuno Factory in this study. For inventory data per unit amount of transport during transportation, we refer to data from JEMAI LCA Ver. 1.1.6 [8] for land transportation and data from the literature [15] for sea transportation in particular, data from the literature [16] is also referred to for sea transportation distances. [Pg.308]

Of course, inverse-modeling approaches can also be used to determine the parameters of numerical ground-water transport models from fits to observed tracer data. Estimates of residence times for a number of locations in an aquifer provide a powerful calibration target for numerical ground-water transport models. If enough data are available to constrain the numerous unknowns in such models, this is presumably the most effective way to extract useful information from tracer data, in particular because the numerical models can be used to make predictions for the future development of the investigated system. Such predictions may become much more constrained and trustworthy if the model has been calibrated against tracer data. [Pg.674]

The parameters of a model can be estimated by fitting the model to experimental data [182,183]. Using the model of Section 4.7.3, two regression analysis procedures can be applied [43] transport properties estimation and transport properties equations estimation. [Pg.98]

This appendix gives a brief description of the computer programs used to estimate thermodynamic, kinetic and molecular transport data, computer programs for the generation, analysis and reduction of reaction mechanisms and computer programs for the simulation of laboratory reactors. [Pg.313]

Heat of transport values estimated from such data are also included in Table 3.1. The values are comparable for different membranes and are in reasonable agreement with those obtained by Alexander and Wirtz [23]. [Pg.49]

Solution a will be the most economical. But one must accept that the vapor transport may be somewhat smaller in the plants than the estimated 0.7 g/ hcm or 3g/hcm. If the measured transport data are, say, 0.6, resp. 2.5 g/ hcm (15% smaller), the main drying time has to be prolonged to 13 h, resp. 11 h. In view of the total freeze-drying cycle time (without cleaning and sterilization) this prolongation seems acceptable. Solution b will require two valves of almost the same diameter (for PA one should not consider two valves of different diameter). The two-valve solution can be preferable if future products are expected to need even lower and lower p. In view of the trends observed today Tjce down to —50°C may be required. [Pg.477]

The study of diffusion processes of electrolytes and non-electrolytes in aqueous solutions is important for fundamental reasons, helping to imderstand the nature of aqueous electrolyte stmcture, for practical applications in fields such as corrosion, and provide transport data necessary to model diffusion in pharmaceutical applications. Although no theory on diffusion in electrolyte or non-electrolyte solutions is capable of giving generally reliable data onO, there are, however, estimating pmposes, whose data, when compared with the experimental values, will allow us to take off conclusions on the nature of the system. [Pg.31]

By use of the intercept method of van der Weij (1932) the transport velocities in sunflower hypocotyl sections (Fig. 3.4), as estimated from the intersections with the time axis of the extrapolated linear regression lines, amount to 5.9 mm h" and 3.7 mm h at the higher and lower donor concentrations, respectively. Similar estimated relationships between donor concentration and transport velocity estimations have been found for basipetal lAA transport in Coleus stems (Naqvi 1963), Zea coleoptiles (Naqvi and Gordon 1964, Naqvi 1976), and Avena coleoptiles (Newman 1963, 1970) and may be deduced from the shape of the arrival curves derived mathematically by Newman (1974) from his experimental data. On the other hand, velocities estimated by the intercept method have been reported not to be significantly different at different auxin concentrations in the donor, though the calculated values tended to be higher at increased donor concentration (e.g., van der Weij 1932 in Avena coleoptiles ... [Pg.106]

The naive model is not adequate. However, a bit more can be extracted from it. Table 2.6 quotes measurements of rj and x. Included are three estimates of d, two calculated from transport data using the expression for fj and X of Table 2.2. The third is determined from critical point data via the van der Waals boi since Vc = 3boand = iAo(4jrrf /3) then d = vJlnNo). In addition the mean free path is evaluated using (2.12) with the value of d determined from viscosity data. The estimates of d from transport and critical point data differ considerably. Nonetheless they are of the same order of magnitude, which suggests that the model is not unreasonable. [Pg.38]

The empirical data used as points of comparison for HeXe mixed gas transport property estimates were obtained by a literature search performed by Idaho National Laboratory (INL). Only a hmited amount of empirical mixture data has been found, especially for HeXe thermal conductivity. [Pg.440]

The validity of some of the assumptions made in the interpretation of transport data for poly-ionic solutions has been questioned [1, 2]. However, no real quantitative estimate of the errors has as yet been established and the question of which molecular parameters are actually attainable by transport measurements remains to be answered. [Pg.261]

Phonon transport is the main conduction mechanism below 300°C. Compositional effects are significant because the mean free phonon path is limited by the random glass stmcture. Estimates of the mean free phonon path in vitreous siUca, made using elastic wave velocity, heat capacity, and thermal conductivity data, generate a value of 520 pm, which is on the order of the dimensions of the SiO tetrahedron (151). Radiative conduction mechanisms can be significant at higher temperatures. [Pg.506]


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See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.235 ]




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