Translocation cancer

ChenS, Dai Y, HaradaHetal (2007) Mcl-1 down-regulation potentiates ABT-737 lethality by cooperatively inducing Bak activation and Bax translocation. Cancer Res 67 782-791... 

Larsson, R. and Cerutti, P. (1989). Translocation and enhancement of phosphotransferase activity of protein kinase C following exposure of mouse epidermal cells to oxidants. Cancer Res. 49, 5627-5632. 

Cabot MC, Zhang Z, Cao H, Lavie Y, Giuliano AE, Han TY, Jones RC (1997) Tamoxifen activates cellular phospholipase C and D and elicits protein kinase C translocation. Int J Cancer 70(5) 567-574... 

Whitehouse 1, Stockdale C, Haus A, Szczelkun MD, Owen-Hughes T (2003) Evidence for DNA translocation by the ISWl chromatin-remodeling enzyme. Mol Cell Biol 23 1935—1945 Wong AK, Shanahan E, Chen Y, Lian L, Ha P, Hendricks K, Ghaffari S, lliev D, Penn B, Woodland AM et al (2000) BRG1, a component of the SWI-SNF complex, is mutated in multiple human mmor cell lines. Cancer Res 60 6171—6177... 

Imamura T, Kakam N, Hibi S, Morimoto A, Eukushima Y, ljuin 1, Hada S, Kitabayashi 1, Abe T, Imashuku S (2003) Rearrangement of the MOZ gene in pediatric therapy-related myelodysplastic syndrome with a novel chromosomal translocation t(2 8)(p23 pll). Genes Chromosomes. Cancer 36 413 19... 

Rozman M, Camos M, Colomer D, Villamor N, Esteve J, Costa D, Carrio A, Aymerich M, Aguilar JL, Domingo A, Sole F, Gomis F, Florensa L, Montserrat E, Campo E (2004) Type I MOZICBP (MYST31CREBBP) is the most common chimeric transcript in acute myeloid leukemia with t(8 16)(pll pl3) translocation. Genes Chromosomes. Cancer 40 140-145 Rubinstein JH, Taybi H (1963) Broad thumbs and toes and facial abnormalities. Am J Dis Child 105 588-608... 

Figure 2. Chromosomal translocations leading the production of a MYST HAT fusion protein and cancer, (a) structure of different MYST HAT fusion proteins leading to cancer. Numbers indicate amino acid positions at break points, (b) Model for die consequences of EPCl-PCL fusion on chromatin function...

One hint of possible trouble to come is provided by the information we described in Chapter 4, related to airborne particulate matter (PM). The available evidence ascribes significant increases in the risks of asthma and other respiratory diseases, certain cardiovascular conditions, and lung cancer to PM exposure, particularly those that average less than 2.5 pm (2500 nm) in size. As we noted, the chemical composition of these particles varies widely, depending upon source, but may not be as important as particle size as a risk determinant. Moreover, there is some experimental evidence pointing to the so-called ultra-fines, PM with dimensions below 100 nm, as significant contributors to PM risk. In addition some experimental studies have demonstrated that ultrafines not only distribute themselves throughout the airways, but seem to be able to translocate to other parts of the body - liver, heart, perhaps the CNS. 

Enl is a translocation partner for MLL that is a common target for chromosomal translocations in human acute leukemia. Truncating mutations of hSNF5/INH are associated with aggressive pediatric cancer... 

As in cancer predisposing syndromes, these genetic alterations are sometimes carried in the germline. Among human tumours, heritable mutations are an exception. Most alterations are acquired in somatic life in the form of chromosomal translocations, deletions, inversions, amplifications or point mutations. Certain oncogenic viruses play important roles in a few human tumours. Examples are human papilloma-virus in cervical cancer and skin tumours, Ep-stein-Barr virus in nasopharyngeal carcinoma and Burkitt s lymphoma, and human T-cell leukaemia viruses (e.g. HTLV-I, HTLV-II) in T-cell leukaemia. 

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