Translation into elemental

In Scheme 19 the stereochemistry of the two Ru complexes R Ru c PPhS Ru C PPhS differing only in the triphenylphosphine chirality is "translated" into elements of natural chirality. 

The JME can also serve as a query input tool for structure databases by allowing creation of complex substructure queries (Figure 2-130), which are automatically translated into SMARTS [22]. With the help of simple HTML-format elements the creation of 3D structure queries is also possible, as were used in the 3D pharmacophore searches in the NCI database system [129]. Creation of reac-... 

The basis for your program plan should be your team s assessment of the current PSM status (Figure 4-11), which will have yielded a list of deficiencies compared with the required PSM elements. These gaps must now be translated into statements of required tasks, which in turn suggest work products for inclusion in your implementation plan. For example, your assessment shows that the process knowledge and documentation management system needs improvement. To address this gap you need to plan a series of tasks. 

Figure 4.12 Principal component analysis of the major elements in Coumiac limestones. 91 percent of the variance is explained by the first two components. The data can be explained by the combination of three chemical end-members calcitic (CaO and C02), detrital (Si02 and A1203), and organic (organic C and Fe203). Because of the closure condition these three end-members translate into only two significant components.

The suggested procedure to arrive at this goal is presented in Fig. 3.1. It starts with the transfer of a certain microhotplate layout into a geometry model for a complex FEM simulation. This step is shown in Fig. 3.2 and will be explained in more detail in one of the next sections. A complex 3-d FEM simulation is then performed. The results of this simulation are used to produce a lumped-element model. This model is translated into a hardware description language (HDL). Using the resistances of the device elements such as the heater resistance, Rheat> and the resistance of the temperature sensor, Rx. co-simulations with the circuitry can be performed. 

The results show clearly that a much better design can be obtained with a variable heat transfer coefficient. The length of the original reactor is now at its upper bound, which translates into increased conversion of nitrogen to ammonia. This is reflected in the exit ammonia concentration of 23.93 mol %, a 15.2% increase over the initial value. Further, this also represents a 15.4% increase over the corresponding result with a constant U case. The final objective function value of 5.6359 denotes a 12.25% rise over the initial value. In addition, the accuracy of the approximation profiles and adequacy of the final element partitions are also evident. 

If the aluminum oxide is a stoichiometric compound with whole-number ratios of the constituent elements, the preceding quotient must be translated into a ratio of integers ... 

Mendeleev s paper did not evoke much interest either when it was published two months later in the journal of the Chemical Society. However, matters were different when Mendeleev published another paper, The Natural System of the Elements, two years later. This paper, which contained a revised periodic table (Mendeleev now listed elements in vertical columns rather than horizontal rows), had a much greater response. Russian chemists read it with great interest, as did foreign chemists when the paper was translated into German the same year. 

The 230 three-dimensional space groups are combinations of rotational and translational symmetry elements. A symmetry operation S transforms a vector r into r ... 

N. de Zoubov published Atlas d equUibres electrochimiques, a collection of E-pH diagrams for 90 chemical elements. This volume was translated into English in 1966 by J. A. Franklin and published as Atlas of Electrochemical Equilibria in Aqueous Solutions. Subsequently other investigators published computer programs for constructing the diagrams L. Santoma ... 

Lavoisier s Traite de chimie was translated into English by Robert Kerr with the title Elements of Chemistry (Edinburgh, 1790). Quotation from Dover edition (New York, 1965), I. 

Nicholas Lemery (1645-1715 CE) was a corpuscularian who favored a five-element theory (water, spirit, oil, salt, and earth). His acid/alkali theory invoked spikes on an acid that interacted with the pores of the base. In 1675 CE in Paris, he published Cours de Chymie, a textbook that was translated into English, German, Italian, Latin, and Spanish and was popular for more than fifty years. In this book, he espoused the Cartesian corpuscular mechanism (45). 

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