Transfusion bag

The pyrogen-depleted preparation passes through a sterile filter before being collected m a transfusion bag. The column is cleaned between uses with 1 col-... 

Fig. 1. Chromatograms, using both FID and ECD, of an extract of a blood sample from a patient taking flurazepam who had a blood transfusion. A, di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate from the polyvinyl chloride transfusion bag B, VLdesalkylflurazepam ...

Multiple punctures in the iliac crests (more than 100-150) are necessary to aspirate enough marrow cells for transplantation. This procedure is made under general or less frequently regional anesthesia. Harvest of marrow cells from the sternum is exceptional. Marrow blood (1000-1500 ml) has to be obtained and subsequently filtered to eliminate bone fragments. This product is collected in transfusion bags with red cells being removed in case of donor-recipient major ABO incompatibility. The amount of hematopoietic progenitors of an... 

In a very early study, Shaffer et al. (1945) administered single oral doses of 5 and 10 g di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate to two human subjects and reported that approximately 4.5% of the dose was excreted in the urine within 24 h. Schmid and Schlatter (1985) also administered di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate orally to two human subjects, but at the much lower dose of 30 mg per person. These authors reported that 11-15% of the dose was excreted in the urine and a urinary elimination half-life of about 12 h can be estimated from the data. In the same study, the two volunteers also received 10 mg di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate daily for four days, there being no evidence of accumulation, with 11 and 33 % of the dose recovered each day in the urine. In contrast, Rubin and Schififer (1976) reported data from two patients receiving platelet transfusions from bags containing di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, who excreted between 60 and 90% of the infused dose in the urine collected for 24 h after transfusion. 

Today all blood for transfusion is collected in plastic bags, and most of the plasma is immediately separated by the collector. In addition, source plasma collected by apheresis as a licensed product provides approximately 80% of the U.S. plasma supply [12]. The FDA still permits unlicensed recovered plasma without FDA-defined specifications to move interstate under short supply, however. This solution to the supply dilemma requires the final product manufacturers to assume the responsibility for assuring that their source materials are appropriate and effective in their manufacturing process. 

The need to transfuse blood components such as plasma, platelets, factor VIII, in addition to red blood cells (RBC) has generated the development of plasmapheresis (plasma separation from whole blood) and more generally that of apheresis (fractionation of blood components). Plasma collection from donors by centrifugation of blood bags began only in 1944. This technique was extended to therapeutic plasma purification in 1950, but RBCs were fragilized by the centrifugation and the plasma was not completely platelet-free. 

In contrast to hemodialysis that uses ultrafiltration membranes, plasma separation (also called plasmapheresis) requires microfiltration membranes with a pore size from 0.2 to 0.6 pm, in order to transmit all proteins and lipids, including LDL cholesterol (2000kDa) and retain completely platelets (2 pm diameter), red blood cells (8 pm diameter) and white blood cells. Thus, membrane plasmapheresis can yield high-quality platelet-free plasma and red cells can be either continuously returned to the donor or saved in another bag for blood transfusion. But it is important, in the case of plasma collection from donors, to minimize the membrane area, in order to reduce the cost of disposable hollow-fiber filters and to avoid the risk of hemolysis (free hemoglobin release) due to RBC damage by contact at the membrane if the pressure difference across the membrane is too high. 

DEHP also can enter your body during certain medical procedures, and medical exposures are likely to be greater than any environmental exposures. Blood products that are stored in plastic bags and used for transfusions contain from 4.3 to 1,230 parts of DEHP per million parts of blood (ppm). Other plastic medical products also release DEHP. Flexible tubing used to administer fluids or medication can transfer DEHP to the patient. The plastic tubing used for kidney dialysis frequently contains DEHP and causes DEHP to enter the patient s blood. DEHP... 

Rubin RJ, Schiffer CA. 1975. Fate in humans of the plasticizer, di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate arising from transfusion of platelets stored in vinyl plastic bags. Transfusion 16(4) 330-335. 

Poly(vinyl chloride) Transparency, good scuff resistance Blood bags, catheters, cannulae, corrugated tubing, renal care products, transfusion supplies, face masks... 

Background information on the blood transfusion service can be found at www.blood.co.uk,www.blooddonor.org.uk and in a National Audit office report at www.blood.co.uk/pdfdocs/national audit 2000.pdf. Bag manufacturer s websites include www.baxter.com and www.haemotronic com. 

Carmen, R., The Selection of Plastics Materials for Blood Bags. Transfusion Med. Rev., 7,1, 1993. 

What should be considered in the elution of DEHP from PVC medical devices are fat-soluble agents and blood products into which DEHP may be eluted at high concentrations. The amount of DEHP that eluted into blood products stored in PVC bags was measured. When the amounts of DEHP in red blood cell products, whole blood products, blood platelet products, and blood plasma products were compared, a high concentration of DEHP was detected in whole blood products. This means that the sample matrix affects the elution of DEHP. We also analyzed blood products stored in PVC bags and found that the amount of DEHP eluted increased with the storage period, and the exposure to DEHP in an amount that exceeded tolerable dairy intake (TDI) value was noted after only one blood transfusion even if the blood product had not reached the expiration date. In addition, we established a method for the simultaneous analysis of DEHP and MEHP with high sensitivity and accuracy and... 

Plastic bags can be used to package medicines. They are primary containers for sterile irrigations, intravenous infusion solutions, blood transfusion and enemas. For these uses special attachments are necessary such as luer-lock catheter coimector sites or rubber puncture sites. 

Transport Medical Car seat backs Underseal, roof linings, leathercloth upholstery, wiring insulation, window seals, decorative trim Oxygen tents, bags and tubing for blood transfusions, drips and dialysis liquids... 

Medical oxygen tents, bags and tubing for blood transfusions, drips and dialysis liquids... 

Breast implants, artificial tendons, cosmetic surgery, orthopedics, artificial hearts and heart valves, pacemakers, ventilation bags, hot-sterilizable blood transfusion tubes, blood bags, dialysis hoses, seals for medical equipment, catheters and hose probes, artificial skin, bladder prostheses, therapeutic systems... 

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