Transfer of Training

Training program effectiveness is also impacted by the events that occur after training has been delivered (Salas and Cannon-Bowers, 2001 Salas et al., 2006 Tannenbaum and Yukl, 1992). Tannenbaum and Yukl (1992) noted that, despite the best intentions of trainees to apply newly learned skills on the job, limitations in the post-training environment interfere with the actual level of transfer achieved. 

Transfer of training refers to the extent to which the KSAs trained by a particular training program are applied, generalized, and maintained over time within the job environment in question (Baldwin and Ford, 1988) that is, it considers the question of whether or not trainees perform the task differently upon their return to the job (Tannenbaum et al., 1993). Successful transfer of training is said to occur when there is effective and continuing application, by trainees to their jobs, of the knowledge 

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Trapold MA, Lawton GW, Dick RA, Gross DM (1968) Transfer of training from differential classical to differential instrumental conditioning. J Exp Psychol 76 568-573. 

These studies also revealed the difficulty in transfer of training sets between different NMR instruments without some type of standardization to minimize spectral variation. In many instances large data sets may be compiled from individual NMR experiments run over several months (if not years), as well as data collected on different instruments and from different groups. There is no guarantee that the performance of an NMR instrument over time, or different NMR instruments, are equivalent. Gislason and co-workers have recently reported a study on the protocol for transferring PLS methods between low field process NMR spectrometers in which they found that a piece-wise direct standardization methods for accurate model transfer. This study appears to be one of the few concerning instrumental transfer of chemometric models in NMR. The development of efficient methods that allow for accurate transfer and combination of NMR spectral data from a variety of sources is an important area for future research. 

Cormier, S. M. (1984), Transfer-of-training An interpretive review, Tech. Rep. No. 608, Army Research Institute, Alexandria, VA. 

Swezey, R. W. (1989), Generalization, Fidelity and Transfer-of-Training, Human Factors Society Bulletin, Vol. 32, No. 6, pp. 4-5. 

Valverde, H. H. (1973), A Review of Flight Simulator Transfer-of-Training Studies, Hunum Factors, Vol. 15, pp. 510-523. 

Simulated aimeahng, 1731, 2591 Simulation(s), 2469-2493. See also Computer simulation Digital human modeling for construction/planning of robots, 378, 379 as decision support tool, 2014 definition of, 378 digital computer, 2385 fidelity of, and transfer of training, 932-933 in flexible manufacturing systems, 503, 505-506... 

Cheng, E. W. L., Hampson, L (2008). Transfer of training A review and new insights. International Journal of Maruigement Reviews, 10, 327—341. 

Beatty, J., O Hanlon, J. E. (1979). Operant control of posterior theta rhythms and vigilance performanee Repeated treatments and transfer of training. InN. Birbaumer H. D. Kimmel (Eds.), Biofeedback and self-regulation (pp. 235-246). Hillsdale, NJ Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. 

Micheli GS. Analysis of the transfer of training, substitution, and fidelity of simulation of transfer equipment. Orlando (Florida) Training Analysis and Evaluation Group 1972. 

Joyce, B. Showers, B. (1984). Transfer of training the contribution of coaching . In D. Hopkins M. Wideen (Eds.) Alternative Perspectives on School Improvement. Lewes Fahner. 

Baldwin, T.T. and Ford, J.K. (1988). Transfer of training a review and directions for future research. Personnel Psychology, 41, 63-105. 

Beard, R.L., Salas, E., and Prince, C. (1995). Enhancing transfer of training using role-play to foster teamwork in the cockpit. International Journal of Aviation Psychology, 5, 131-143. 

Broad, M. and Newstrom, J. (1992). Transfer of Training. Cambridge, MA Perseus. 

Kozlowski, S.W.J. and Salas, E. (1997). A multi-level organisational systems approach for the implementation and transfer of training. In J.K. Ford, S.W.J. Kozlowski, K. Kraiger, E. Salas, and M. Teachout (Eds.), Improving Training Effectiveness in Work Organizations (pp. 247-287). Mahwah, NJ Lawrence Erlbaum. 

Rouiller, J.Z. and Goldstein, I.L. (1993). The relationship between organizational transfer eh-mate and positive transfer of training. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 4(4), 377-399. 

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