Transfer of liquids

As shown In Fig. 9.5, the transfer of liquids can be accomplished In two waye by pouring from tubes or flasks, or with the aid of an aspiration-injection syringe fitted to a disposable tip which Is grasped by the robot and Immersed In the solution, from which It takee an aliquot that is subsequently unloaded Into the collector. 

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Transfer of liquid ammonia from the ship using a special pipeline to the thermally insulated storage tank. The transfer, requiring 20 hours, uses the ship s pumps there are five transfers each year. 

Water-cooling in towers operates on the evaporative principles, which are a combination of several heat/mass transfer processes. The most important of these is the transfer of liquid into a vapor/air mixture, as, for example, the surface area of a droplet of water. Convective transfer occurs as a result of the difference in temperature between the water and the surrounding air. Both these processes take place at the interface of the water surface and the air. Thus it is considered to behave as a film of saturated air at the same temperature as the bulk of the water droplet. 

Vial, J., Jardy, A., Anger, P., Brun, A., Menet, J. M. Methodology for the transfer of liquid chromatography methods based on statistical considerations. J. Chromatogr. A, 815, 1998, 173-182. 

Second, the most important potential sources of nuisance in the disposal of sludges to land are the transfer of liquid sludge to a tanker, and the act of spreading itself. This is especially so with anaerobically digested sludges. 

Use well-passivated stainless steel vessels use only sodium vapor lamps or yellow light in the manufacturing area. Avoid forming foam during transfer of liquids. 

The synthesis is performed in standard Schlenk equipment4 under a carbon monoxide atmosphere, if not otherwise stated. Transfer of liquid is carried out with hypodermic glass syringes equipped with Luer lock valves. All solvents are laboratory grade, distilled and stored under inert atmosphere. 

A convenient formula in common engineering units for power consumption in the transfer of liquids is... 

Corrosion of reactors used for functionalization and in pipes and valves along transferlines for sulfuric acid is a problem that results in maintenance shutdowns. Sufficient agitation is needed to keep the resin beads fluidized during sulfonation. As for copolymer ketdes, transfer lines should be sufficiendy large to allow reasonably rapid transfer of liquids and resin slurries. 

Inoculation Inoculation is the seeding of a culture vessel with the microbial material (inoculum). The inoculum is introduced with a metal wire or loop which is rapidly sterilized just before its use by heating it in a flame. Transfers of liquid culture are often made by using a sterilized pipette. The inoculation is usually done in a laminar flow hood to minimize the risk of contamination. It is important to know proper pipetting techniques for inoculating or sampling during cultivation. 

An alternative to the syringe technique for the transfer of liquids uses the double-ended needle and is suitable when it is not necessary to know precisely the volume of liquid being transferred, or when the volume is being measured in some other way, e.g. by transfer from a septum-capped measuring cylinder. This... 

The vapour pressure over a small droplet (where there is a high surface/volume ratio) is higher than that over the corresponding flat surface. The transfer of liquid from a plane surface to a droplet requires the expenditure of energy, since the area and, hence, the surface free energy of the droplet will increase. 

The measured heat capacity increment associated with the transfer of an apolar hydrogen from a crystalline amino acid solid into water is 6.7 0.3 cal K-1 mol-1 or 0.45 0.02 cal (mol A2)-1 of apolar surface (Murphy and Gill, 1990, 1991). This same value is observed for the transfer of 1-alkanols into water (Hall n et al., 1986). The same value is also observed for the transfer of liquid hydrocarbons into water (Gill and Wadso, 1976), and for the dissolution of alkane... 

Shome, B. and Jensen M.K., Mixed Convection Laminar Flow and Heat Transfer of Liquids in Isothermal Horizontal Circular Ducts , Int. J. of Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 38, No. 11. pp. 1945-1956, 1995. 

Often, foods must be treated as engineering materials. Heat has to be transported so that the components become cooked or harmful microorganisms and toxins become inactivated. Even in the kitchen, mixing involves the mass transfer of liquids and solids to form metastable structures, which are fixed by subsequent treatment by heat or cooling. Heat transfer properties are crucial in the formation of ice crystals in ice cream and fat crystals in chocolate products. Food materials have been used as a source of industrial components soybean proteins to manufacture auto parts in the 1940s, casein to make buttons and knitting pins, and starches in adhesives and thickeners. 

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