Sodium vapor lamp

Niobium is used as a substrate for platinum in impressed-current cathodic protection anodes because of its high anodic breakdown potential (100 V in seawater), good mechanical properties, good electrical conductivity, and the formation of an adherent passive oxide film when it is anodized. Other uses for niobium metal are in vacuum tubes, high pressure sodium vapor lamps, and in the manufacture of catalysts. 

Sodium vapor lamps, in use for many years, continue to be improved, both with respect to efficiency and color of emitted light. These lamps, however, contain only a few milligrams of sodium each. 

HID fixtures include those using mercury vapor and sodium vapor lamps. Mercury vapor fixtures are usually less expensive than sodium... 

Fireworks displays are fascinating to watch. Neon lights and sodium vapor lamps can transform the skyline of a city with their brilliant colors. The eerie phenomenon of the aurora borealis is an unforgettable experience when you see it for the first time. All of these events relate to the generation of light and its transmission through space. 

Sodium vapor lamps are commonly used to illuminate highways because of their intense yellow-orange emissions at 589 nm. 

Sodium bicarbonate, 112-113 Sodium carbonate, 61 Sodium chloride 44q common ion effect and, 439 electrolysis, 499 formation, 3 structure, 36 Sodium chlorine, 4 Sodium hydroxide, 61,84,441 Sodium hypochlorite, 369-370 Sodium stearate, 595 Sodium vapor lamps, 135 Solids... 

Sodium vapor lamps, used for public lighting, emit yellow light of wavelength 589 nm. How much energy is emitted by... 

Sodium vapor lamps emit yellow light. 

Excited-state configurations are perfectiy vaiid as iong as they meet the restrictions given in Table. In the electrical discharge of a sodium vapor lamp, for instance, we find some sodium atoms in excited states with configurations such as 2 2 3 p or 2 2 p 3 These configurations use valid orbitals a... 

Other applications of niobium are in electronic and propulsion devices, in electrodes in catalysis and in vacuum tubes and high-pressure sodium vapor lamps. 

Light of wavelength 589 nanometers falls in the yellow portion of the visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum. The characteristic yellow glow of sodium vapor lamps used to illuminate many highways results from this particular emission. 

Use well-passivated stainless steel vessels use only sodium vapor lamps or yellow light in the manufacturing area. Avoid forming foam during transfer of liquids. 

Measurement. Rotations were measured with a Rudolph Model 200 photoelectric polarimeter operating from a sodium vapor lamp. Water was circulated through 20-cm. tubes with glass end plates, from a bath maintained at 25.0° 0.1°. The runs on the mutarotation of D-glucose showed excellent first-order dependence over two half lives. In studies on the mutarotation of glucosamine hydrochloride in the presence of varying concentrations of sodium hydroxide and metal salt, it was necessary to add the alkali first, then the metal salt, to avoid precipitation. 

Technical limits of exitance also impose minima for the dimensions of medium-pressure light sources (length of arc, length and diameter of bulb), for example, medium-pressure (doped) mercury arcs, high-pressure sodium vapor lamps, and incandescent lamps. 

Optical rotations usually are measured at just one wavelength, namely 589.3 nm, simply because sodium-vapor lamps provide an especially convenient source of monochromatic light. Measurements at other wavelengths are less easily made without specialized instruments, with which relatively few laboratories are currently equipped. Nevertheless, much information has been obtained about structure, conformation, and configuration of organic compounds from measurements of optical rotation as a function of wavelength (i.e., optical rotatory dispersion). 

The prominent yellow line in the spectrumof a sodium vapor lamp has a wavelength of 590 nm. What minimum accelerating potential is needed to excite this line in an electron tube containing sodium vapor ... 

Abbe-Type Refractometer Use an instrument with fourth decimal place accuracy that can be placed in a nearly horizontal position for measurement of the refractive index of solids. An Amici-type compensating prism for achromatiza-tion is necessary unless a sodium vapor lamp is used as a light source. 

The professor then inspected the polarimeter setup. She noticed that the circulating pump, which was to supply constant-temperature water from the thermostat bath to the water jacket, was not running. Did you have the circulating pump on during your measurements she asked. I thought that it went on automatically, replied the student, who had used the prominent on-off switch for the sodium-vapor lamp but had not noticed the... 

Refractometer, thermostated at 25°C sodium-vapor lamp (optional) eye droppers c7ean cotton wool acetone wash bottles pnre 1,1, 2,2 -tetrachloroethane (300 mL) and pnre cyclohexanone (350 mL) acetone for rinsing large bottle for disposal of waste solntions. 

The bright yellow light emitted by a sodium vapor lamp consists of two emission lines at 589.0 and 589.6 nm. What are the frequency and the energy of a photon of light at each of these wavelengths What are the energies in kj/mol ... 

There are many varieties of these lamps. Two of the most commonly used, in the industry, are the mercury and sodium vapor lamps used for street lighting. These same lamps can frequently be found in recreation, manufacturing, and packaging areas. Mercury lamps are typically used for normal nonphotosensitive materials/ products and sodium vapor lamps for photosensitive materials. 

So far in this discussion of diffraction, we have assumed that the periodic object is illuminated by coherent light, such as that produced by a small laser of the type used in the Porter experiments. However, the light produced by a thermal source (e.g., a sodium vapor lamp or a heated filament coupled with a narrow bandpass filter) is never strictly monochromatic even the sharpest spectral line has a finite width. Moreover, such a source has finite extent, and the light is emitted by many independent radiators (atoms). These two characteristics of thermal sources are directly related to what are usually referred to as temporal and spatial coherence, respectively. 

The alkali metals are made by electrolysis of the fused hydro ddes or fused chlorides. Because of their reactivity, the metals mi st be kept in an inert atmosphere or under oil. The metals are iseful chemical reagents in the laboratory, and they find indnst iai use (especially sodium) in the manufacture of organic chemicals, dyestuffs, and lead tetraethyl (a constituent of ethyl gasoline ). Sodium is used in sodium vapor lamps, and, because of its large heat conductivity, in the Stems of valves of airplane engines, to conduct heat away from the valve heads. Cesium is used in vacuum tubes, to Increase electron emission from filaments. 

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