Traffic flow management

Georgia Institute of Technology Emission Control, Vehicle Traffic Flow Management... 

This paper considers how lEC 61508 can be appUed to the air traffic management industry, examining areas where lEC 61508 is helpful and other areas where it is less useful and requires some augmentation. The term air traffic management (ATM) comprises both active air traffic control (ATC) and wider aspects such as airspace design and tactical air traffic flow management. 

To summarise there are many problems and a variety of instruments available to address them. Investment in new infrastructures may create safer roads or rail tracks, but is counterproductive owing to the creation of new demand. The management of traffic flows and demand can help to use existing infrastructure more efficiently and... 

The development of traffic management new technologies offer promising prospects which would optimise the use of road infrastructures by managing traffic flows. This field is extremely vast. It includes ... 

Two-way radio communication with the drivers of the construction equipment, with fellow flaggers with whom they need to coordinate traffic flow, and with the site manager are essential for maximum safety. 

Level-of-service is a traffic management term that is used to describe different properties of a traffic system, e.g. traffic flow and traffic density. Increasing traffic density and traffic flow means that vehicles have lesser spacing between them and travel at higher speed. This traffic behavior has potential for severe accidents. To match these efficiency properties there needs to be a way to identify hazards and have risk management strategies at operational level. This is where the previously discussed, shared information can make a difference. Detailed, consistent, trusted... 

Another argument advanced for a continuing involvement of inspectors in E and F activities was the need for inspectors to retain contact with and detailed knowledge of the technology and the reality of the industry. This is comparable to the situation awareness needed by traffic controllers to manage the complexities of air or vessel traffic flows without it, it is difficult and even dangerous for an inspectorate to try to steer or control the oil and gas industry. The retention of a... 

The categories of roadway ITS that will be discussed in this chapter are automatic incident detection (AID), ITS for improving traffic flow, ITS for improving air quality, weather-related ITS, location-based ITS (such as school zones), green wave ITS, dynamic lane management, ramp metering, dynamic traffic information and ITS for enforcement purposes. 

As all other telecommunication systems GSM-R has to ensure data transmission in predefined time and predefined error rate. Both must be adequate to required high safety and high reliability in the railway environment. This is crucial for infrastructure managers and railway undertaking as it influences directly safety and fluid traffic flow. 

Traffic flows on routes are such that the times at which traffic management measures and lane closures can be introduced are governed by the avoidance of queuing and congestion which inevitably lead to accidents and delays. For example on the motorway this typically means that a single lane closure in a three lane section of the M4 can only be accommodated between 9.30 am and 3.30pm weekdays and any works... 

Our normal practice is to pre place signs during periods of low traffic flow ready for erection at the appropriate time. If an operative cannot cross safely to the central reservation when the management is to be implemented, then the odds are that traffic flows are too great for the closure anyway. 

Freeway management provides transportation managers the capability to monitor traffic and environmental conditions on the freeway system, identify flow impediments, implement control and management strategies, and disseminate critical information to travelers... 

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