Total suspended particulate matter

Because there has been no recent analysis of the relationship between the concentration of total suspended particulate matter in the air of cities with populations of different sizes, we are forced to use data for the decade... 

Using the Code of Federal Regulations, list the current reference methods for measuring NO2, O3, SO2, CO, total suspended particulate matter, and lead. 

FIGURE S.30 Comparison of ambient levels of t h maximum ozone, annual average of total suspended particulate matter (TSP), and sulfur dioxide in selected cities from around the world to illustrate the v tacion in these levels from countr)i to country with respect to the United States. [Reproduced from the National Air Quality and Emission Trends Report (1992), with permission.] ... 

Watson, J. G., Chemical element balance receptor model methodology for assessing the sources of fine and total suspended particulate matter in Portland, Oregon, PhD Thesis, Oregon Graduate Center, Beaverton, Oregon, 1979. 

Particulate matter is a complex emission that is classified as either suspended particulate matter, total suspended particulate matter, or simply, particulate matter. For human health purposes, the fraction of particulate matter that has been shown to contribute to respiratory diseases is termed PMio (i.e., particulate matter with sizes less than 10 tim). From a control standpoint, particulate matter can be characterized as follows (1) particle size distribution and (2) particulate matter concentration in the emission (mg/m ). On occasion, physical property descriptions may also be employed when there are specific control applications. 

Station ALOHA (see Figure 23.4 for location information). Three-point running mean observations of N/P molar ratios in (a) total dissolved inorganic plus organic pool, (b) total suspended particulate matter in the upper 0-100 m, (c) in exported particulate matter at 150 m depth, and (d) cycling in nutrient limitation (described in text). Source From Karl, D. M. (2002). Trends in Microbiology 10(9), 410-418. 

Watson, J.G., Jr., (1979) "Chemical Element Balance Receptor Model Methodology for Assessing the Sources of Fine and Total Suspended Particulate Matter in Portland, Oregon," Thesis, Ph.D., Department of Chemistry, Oregon Graduate Center, Beaverton, OR. 

Methodology For Sources of Fine and Total Suspended Particulate Matter in Portland, Oregon." Oregon Graduate Center, February 1979. 

Comparisons of the regression coefficients of the source tracer elements with available source emission data, as well as comparisons with estimated source emission data for total suspended particulate matter, provide evidence of the validity of the models. 

Kleinman, M. T., D. M. Bernstein and T. J. Kneip. An apparent affect of the oil embargo on total suspended particulate matter and vanadium in New York City air. Air Pollut. Contr. Assoc. 27 65-67 (1977). 

The distributions of the contributions of roads and soil to total suspended particulate matter (TSP) are shown in Figure 12. The figure shows that soil contributed a mean of 39% of the TSP and roads 12% during the summer sampling period in 1978. The distributions show that on individual days soil contributed up to about 70% of the TSP and roads up to about 30%. 

Air quality standards for particulate matter in the United States were expressed some years ago in terms of the mass of total suspended particulate matter (TSP). 

A gas-particle partition coefficient, Kp, is commonly used to describe the distribution of a SOC between the gas and particle phase. It is defined as the ratio of the SOC in particles (in units such as ng pg 1) to that in the gas phase (in units such as ng m 3). In essence, it is the fraction of the mass of total suspended particulate matter (TSP) that is the SOC of interest divided by the SOC gas-phase concentration. This gas-particle partition coefficient, which has units of m3 pig, can be calculated from the following ... 

Arditsoglou A, Samara C (2005) Levels of total suspended particulate matter and major trace elements in Kosovo a source identification and apportionment study. Chemosphere 59 (5) 669-678 (Original Research Article)... 

Criteria pollutants are air pollutants emitted from numerous or diverse stationary or mobile sources for which National Ambient Air Quality Standards have been set to protect human health and public welfare. The original list of criteria pollutants, adopted in 1971, consisted of carbon monoxide, total suspended particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, photochemical oxidants, hydrocarbons, and nitrogen oxides. Lead was added to the list in 1976, ozone replaced photochemical oxidants in 1979, and hydrocarbons were dropped in 1983. Total suspended particulate matter was revised in 1987 to include only particles with an equivalent aerodynamic particle diameter of less than or equal to 10 micrometers (PM10). A separate standard for particles with an equivalent aerodynamic particle diameter of less than or equal to 2.5 micrometers (PM25) was adopted in 1997. 

Yaghi B, Abdul-Wahab SA. Assessment of lead, zinc, copper, nickel and chromium in total suspended particulate matter from the workplace in Al-Rusayl Industrial Estate, Oman. J Environ Monit 2003 5 950-2. 

Figure 13-12 Average chemical composition of the total suspended particulate matter (top) and the fine idp < 2.5 /zm) particulate matter (bottom) of the downtown Portland. Oregon aerosol. (Front Coreetal., 1982.)...

It should be noted that these effects on the lung are not unique to manganese-containing dusts but are produced by a variety of inhalable particulate matter (EPA 1982). On this basis, it seems most appropriate to evaluate the risk of inflammatory effects on the lung in terms of total suspended particulate matter (TSP) or particulate matter smaller than 10 pm in diameter (PM ), as well as the concentration of manganese in the air (EPA 1985d). 

Terms often used to describe the aerosol mass concentration include total suspended particulate matter (TSP) and PMX (particulate matter with diameter smaller than x pm). TSP refers to the mass concentration of atmospheric particles smaller than 40-50 pm, while PM2.5 and PM10 are routinely monitored. Typical PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations in large cities are shown in Figure 8.14. 

Genotoxicity and AhR-mediated (i.e. dioxin-like) activity were found in aU size classes at all 4 sites in the Bmo area in similar magnitudes, i.e. the total suspended particulate matter (TSP) toxicity at rural sites was not lower than at urban sites (Fig. 6). Note, that also TSP mass and specific surface were not lower at rural sites. Activities were found in general highest in the small size ranges (Fig. 7). This... 

Airborne Particulates Total suspended particulate matter found in the atmosphere as solid particles or liquid droplets. The chemical composition of particulates varies widely, depending on location and time of year. Airborne particulates include windblown dust, emissions from industrial process, smoke from burning of wood and coal, and exhaust of motor vehicles. 

Respirable mass That portion of total suspended particulate matter capable of penetrating into the lower respiratory tract. 

The method commonly used for determining the quantity of total suspended particulate matter in the atmosphere draws air over filters that remove the particles. This device, called a Hi-Vol sampler (Figure 18.18), is essentially a glorified vacuum cleaner that draws air through a filter. The samplers are usually placed under a shelter that excludes precipitation and particles larger than about 0.1 mm... 

To think about the size of airborne particulates, consider the dust kicked up by vehicles on a dirt road. The particles that will become airborne are all less than 100 micrometers in diameter (for reference, a fine human hair is between 40 and 70 micrometers in diameter) and are collectively referred to as total suspended particulate matter (TSP). The largest of these particles (from 100 microns to 10 microns) tend to settle to the ground quickly and do not travel far from the dusty road. 

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