Toshiba

Ferroelectric—polymer composite devices have been developed for large-area transducers, active noise control, and medical imaging appHcations. North American Philips, Hewlett-Packard, and Toshiba make composite medical imaging probes for in-house use. Krautkramer Branson Co. produces the same purpose composite transducer for the open market. NTK Technical Ceramics and Mitsubishi Petrochemical market ferroelectric—polymer composite materials (108) for various device appHcations, such as a towed array hydrophone and robotic use. Whereas the composite market is growing with the invention of new devices, total unit volume and doUar amounts are small compared to the ferroelectric capacitor and ferroelectric—piezoelectric ceramic markets (see Medical imaging technology). 

A subsidiary of lEC and Toshiba Corp. called ONSI Corp. was formed for the commercial development, production, and marketing of packaged PAEC power plants of up to 1-MW capacities. ONSI is commercially manufacturing 200-kW PAEC systems for use in a PC25 power plant. The power plants are manufactured in a highly automated faciHty, using robotic techniques to assemble the repeating electrode, bipolar separator, etc, units into the fuel cell stack. 

Special, uv-curable epoxy resins (qv) for substrate disks for optical data storage (Sumitomo BakeHte, Toshiba) excel by means of their very low birefringence (<5 nm/mm) and high Young s modulus. Resistance to heat softening and water absorption are similar to BPA-PC, but impact resistance is as low as that of PMMA. 

Transparent fused silica can be formed at a temperature of 1200°C and a pressure of 13.8 MPa (2000 psi) from silica powder consisting of 15 nm ultimate particles (92) or by electric arc fusion of pure silica sand having low iron and alkali metal contents. The cooled product is ground to the desired particle size. Fused sihca is primarily manufactured by C-E Minerals, Minco, and Precision Electro Minerals in the United States by Chuo Denko, Denki Kagaku Kogyo, NKK, Showa Denko, and Toshiba Ceramics in Japan. Based on 1988 data and projected growth, an estimated 135,000 metric tons of fused siUca were used in 1994 as a sacrificial component or investment casting in the manufacture of metals and as a component in refractory materials (62). 

Silicones, an important item of commerce, are widely available commercially (9,494). The principal manufacturers of silicone operate direct-process reactors to produce dimethyl dichi orosilane and, ultimately, polydimethyl siloxane. Typical plants produce more than 450 t per year. The siUcone industry is a global enterprise in the 1990s, with principal producers in the United States (Dow Coming, GE, and OSi), Europe (Wacker Chemie, Hbls, Rhc ne-Poulenc, and Bayer), and Southeast Asia (Shin-Etsu, Toshiba SiUcones, and Dow Coming, Japan). Table 15 Hsts the approximate sales of the principal producers for 1991. 

Hbls divested its siUcones operation, Petrarch, to UTI. Other siUcone producers in 1995 are PCR, Gelest, Th. Goldschmidt, Bayer, Dow-Toray, Toshiba Sihcones, and Nippon Unicar. SiU-cones are also produced in the Ukraine, CIS, C2ech RepubHc, and China. 

Jptt Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 05,112,583 (May 7,1993), T. Yoshida (to Toshiba Sihcone). 

It is estimated that the worldwide clinical chemistry diagnostics market is about 3 biUion. This amount includes an estimated 700 million in instmment sales, and 2.3 bUHon in sales of reagents and consumables. Some of the principal instmment manufacturers are Hitachi (Japan), Miles Laboratories/Technicon Instmments (United States), E. I. du Pont de Nemours (United States), Beckman Instmments (United States), Eastman Kodak (United States), Abbott Laboratories (United States), Olympus (Japan), Toshiba (Japan), Hoffmann-La Roche (Switzerland), and Ciba Corning Diagnostics (United States). 

As of this writing, there is Httle commercialization of advanced battery systems. Small rechargeable lithium button cells have been commercialized, however, by Sanyo, Matsushita (Panasonic), and Toshiba. These cells are intended for original equipment manufacturer (OEM) use in appHcations such as memory backup and are not available to the general consumer. 

Additive Polyimides. Rhc ne-Poulenc s Kin el molding compound and Kerimid impregnating resin (115), Mitsubishi s BT Resins (116), and Toshiba s Imidaloy Resin (117) are based on bismaleimide (4) technology. Maleic anhydride reacts with a diamine to produce a diimide oligomer (7). Eurther reaction with additional diamine (Michael addition) yields polyaminohismaleimide prepolymer with terminal maleic anhydride double bonds. Cure is achieved by free-radical polymerization through the terminal double bonds. 

One such process is the TAP process, the basic patent being held by Dow. It was developed in Japan by Asahi in conjuction with Toshiba. Foam expansion after mould filling is made possible by use of retractable mould cores. Because of the difficulty of allowing expansion in more than one direction this process has been largely limited to the production of flat products. Efficient gas sealing systems are also vital and the process needs close control. For this reason it has not been widely used in either Europe or North America. 

There are at present about a dozen manufacturers outside the Communist bloc. Amongst major producers, in addition to those already mentioned, are Bayer, Rhone-Poulenc, Wacker-Chemie, Toshiba, Toray and Shinetsu. 

The 1,356 MWe Advanced Boiling Water Reactor was jointly developed by General Electric, Hitachi, and Toshiba and BWR suppliers based on world experience with the previous BWRs. Tokyo Electric Power operates two ABWRs as units 6 and 7 of the Kashiwazaki-Kariwa Nuclear Power Station. Features of the ABWR are (Wilkins, 19921 ... 

Ansaldo, ENEL (Italy), Hatachi, Toshiba (Japan), KEMA, and Nucon (Netherlands). The design... 

Address Toshiba Bldg., 1-1, Shibaura 1-chome, Minato-... 

The tables and diagrams have been taken from a Bitzer Refrigerant Report 6, A-501-6. Other information has been provided byGreencool and Toshiba literatnre. 

Catalogue of lithium-thionyi chloride batteries, Toshiba Battery Co., Ltd., 1996. 

A technology agreement was made by Duracell/Toshiba/Varta in 1992, strategically aimed at the portable computer field. In 1994 a joint venture, "The 3 C Alliance" was formed. Standardization of the inventory was the main point. The benefits were seen to be easier replacement and lower cost per unit ( 170 for 6 h ). One of the first commercial partners was Compaq Computer Co. 

A-T Battery Co. is a joint venture between Asahi and Toshiba, to produce Li ion batteries. Fuji Electric and Fuji Film, Hitachi-Maxell (Li-thionyl cells, and now also Li ion cells), Japan Storage Battery Co. (prismatic cells), and Matsushita Battery Co. cover most systems. Mitsubishi Electric, Mitsui, and Sanyo are major producers of the Li - Mn02 system. Sony Energy... 

But carbon and glass fibers are notable for their fragility and are inconvenient for processing and, therefore metal fibers of brass (Aron Kasei Co.), copper (Toshiba Chemical Corp.) [14], stainless steel (Brunswick Corp., Bekaert) [16], aluminium (MB ASSOCIATES, TRANSMET) [15] have been introduced. 

TOSHIBA TURNS PLASTIC WASTE INTO FUEL... 

Results from a pilot plant run by Toshiba, which recycles waste thermoplastics into fuel oil, have been sufficiently successful for the company to plan to launch commercial operations in the second half of the fiscal year, commencing in April, it is reported. Different pressures and temperatures during processing release oils with different compositions, and include heavy oil, kerosene and gasoline. Mixed waste can be processed without generating harmful gases, it is claimed. 

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