TOPICAL reconstitution

Of these, noxythiolin (N-hydroxy-Af-methylthiourea) has the greatest pharmaceutical use as an antimicrobial agent. The compound is supplied as a dry powder and on aqueous reconstitution slowly releases formaldehyde and iV-mefhylthiourea. Antimicrobial activity is considered to be due to both the noxythiolin molecule and the released formaldehyde. Noxythiolin is used both topically and in accessible body cavities as an irrigation solution and in the treatment of peritonitis. The compound has extensive antibacterial and antifungal properties. 

In the early work on this topic, Kleinschmidt and Martinson [219] used reconstituted nucleosome core particles consisting of two uH2A molecules to find that these particles had structural features that were almost indistinguishable from those of particles reconstituted with native histones or from native nucleosome core particles. A more exhaustive and detailed study in the same topic carried out a few years later [220] came in corroboration of these results and showed that the same observations could be extended to nucleosomes reconstituted with uH2B. Furthermore, the NaCl dependent stability of the uH2A reconstituted nucleosome core particles is identical to that exhibited by the native counterpart [222]. 

The self-assembly of this fundamental building block of chromatin is a topic of enduring interest. DNase I digestion experiments as well as spectroscopic studies indicate that nucleosome core particles can be reconstituted by salt-jump (i.e., diluting NaCl concentration from 2.0 to 0.2 M) or by direct mixing of histones and DNA at the lower salt concentration. Daban and Cantor used the increase in eximer fluorescence to investigate the reassembly process in terms of a two-state model ... 

Sulfamylon for 5% topical solution is provided in packets containing 50 g of sterile mafenide acetate to be reconstituted in 1000 mL of sterile water for irrigation or 0.9% sodium chloride irrigation. After mixing, the solution con-... 

Topical erythromycin in benzoylperoxide, marketed for acne treatment, must be compounded by a pharmacist and requires subsequent refrigeration, warranting the development of alternative formulations. In a doubleblind, parallel-group, multicenter study in 327 patients, a single-use erythromycin in benzoylperoxide combination package was compared with the vehicle alone and the original, reconstituted formulation packaged in a jar. Dry skin was the most frequently reported skin-related adverse event it occurred in 3.2% of patients who used the preformulated erythromycin in benzoylperoxide and 5.0% of those who used the reconstituted erythromycin in benzoylperoxide (52). 

Many oral solutions are intended for pediatric administration, of which oral solution formulations are a subset of a larger choice of formulation type such as suspension, syrup, powder or microcapsules for constitution to a suspension, powder for reconstitution to a solution or suspension, solid particles (powder, coated particles, extended release, enteric-coated granules, beads) in packets or capsules to be sprinkled on food, oral powders, and chewable tablets. The broader topic of pediatric formulation development is beyond the scope of this chapter, but this chapter will cover selected oral solutions for pediatric administration. 

Dosage forms may include, but are not limited to, parenterals, topicals, solutions, powders for reconstitution, and inhalants. Tests to be conducted will include a selection from the following ... 

As we explore in Chapter 2, the subject is particularly topical in the li of current strategies on chemical risks at EU level. Although the focus of the book is on the EU 15 countries, the recent expansion of the Community to include a range of new member states with reconstituted health and safety systems friat are considerably younger and less sophisticated than those presently found in northem European memb states, makes its findings e ecially timely in relation to these countries too. 

This disorder is caused by papova virus infection of the brain in an immune-compromised host. Chronic immune suppression with AIDS, cancer, autoimmune disorders or transplantation, all predispose to the occurrence of this disorder. Especially with potent immune suppression for autoimmune disorders, this is becoming increasingly recognized as a complication that we need to contend with. There is some recent evidence that the disorder may not always be fatal if immune reconstitution can be achieved by the withdrawal of the offending agent and restoration of normal immune function. Of all the agents implicated to cause this disorder, the chronic use of steroids appears to take prominence over any other agent. A discussion of the many nuances of this disorder is beyond the scope of this chapter and the reader is referred to a treatise on this subject, which has been the topic of many recent reviews (Hou and Major, 2005 Eash et al., 2006). 

Triplicate in vitro reconstituted human comeal epithelial tissues (size 0.5 cm ) are topically dosed with a small amount of test agent for different time points ... 

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